Parth Vaishnav

Policy needed for additive manufacturing

The successful adoption of metallic additive manufacturing in aviation will require investment in basic scientific understanding of the process, defining of standards and adaptive regulation.

Shore Power for Vessels Calling at U.S. Ports: Benefits and Costs

When in port, ships burn marine diesel in on-board generators to produce electricity and are significant contributors to poor local and regional air quality. Supplying ships with grid electricity can reduce these emissions. We use two integrated assessment models to quantify the benefits of reducing the emissions of NOX, SO2, PM2.5, and CO2 that would occur if shore power were used. Using historical vessel call data, we identify combinations of vessels and berths at U.S. ports that could be switched to shore power to yield the largest gains for society. Our results indicate that, depending on the social costs of pollution assumed, an air quality benefit of

Costs and Benefits of Reducing Fuel Burn and Emissions from Taxiing Aircraft: Low-Hanging Fruit?

70-150 million per year could be achieved by retrofitting a quarter to two-thirds of all vessels that call at U.S. ports. Such a benefit could be produced at no net cost to society (health and environmental benefits would be balanced by the cost of ship and port retrofit) but would require many ships to be equipped to receive shore power, even if doing so would result in a private loss for the operator. Policy makers could produce a net societal gain by implementing incentives and mandates to encourage a shift toward shore power.

When Risks Cannot Be Seen: Regulating Uncertainty in Emerging Technologies

While taxiing, aircraft are powered by their main engines. This paper estimates the potential reductions in costs and emissions that could be achieved with tugs or an electric motor embedded in the landing gear to propel aircraft on the ground. The use of tugs would result in the avoidance of

Was it worthwhile? Where have the benefits of rooftop solar photovoltaic generation exceeded the cost?

20/ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions if the measure were adopted for all domestic flights. Estimates of average net savings for airlines vary from

Design of a Global Market Based Measure ∙ ICAO’s Market Based Mechanism: Keep It Simple

100 per flight at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to a loss of

Decarbonizing intraregional freight systems with a focus on modal shift

160 per flight in Honolulu, Hawaii. Electric taxiing would save between

Technology Forgiveness: The Different Institutional Resilience of Polymer and Metal Additive Manufacturing in Portugal

30 and

Analysis of a proposed mechanism for carbon-neutral growth in international aviation

240/ton of CO2 emissions avoided. Either approach could reduce CO2 emissions from domestic flights in the United States by about 1.5 million tons each year, or about 1.1% of the total emissions in 2006. If the switch were limited to large narrow-body aircraft on domestic service at the busiest airports in the United States, the total reduction in emissions would be 0.5 million tons of CO2 annually, accompanied by savings of

Additive Manufacturing: Policy Needed

100/ton. Air quality benefits associated with lower main engine use were monetized by using the air pollution emission experiments and policy model and ranged from more than