Pascal Cassan

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators.

Basic life support (BLS) refers to maintaining airway patency and supporting breathing and the circulation, without the use of equipment other than a protective device.(1) This section contains the guidelines for adult BLS by lay rescuers and for the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). It also includes recognition of sudden cardiac arrest, the recovery position and management of choking (foreign-body airway obstruction). Guidelines for in-hospital BLS and the use of manual defibrillators may be found in Sections 3 and 4b.

Part 17: First Aid

The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Red Cross (Red Cross) cofounded the National First Aid Science Advisory Board to review and evaluate the scientific literature on first aid in preparation for the 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid. 1 In preparation for the 2010 evidence evaluation process, the National First Aid Advisory Board was expanded to become the International First Aid Science Advisory Board with the addition of representatives from a number of international first aid organizations (see Table). The goal of the board is to reduce morbidity and mortality due to emergency events by making treatment recommendations based on an analysis of the scientific evidence that answers the following questions: View this table: Table. International First Aid Science Advisory Board Member Organizations A critical review of the scientific literature by members of the International First Aid Science Advisory Board is summarized in the 2010 International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations ( ILCOR 2010 CPR Consensus ), from which these guidelines are derived.2 That critical review evaluates the literature and identifies knowledge gaps that might be filled through future scientific research. The history of first aid can be traced to the dawn of organized human societies. For example, Native American Sioux medicine men of the Bear Society were noted for treating battle injuries, fixing fractures, controlling bleeding, removing arrows, and using a sharp flint to cut around wounds and inflammation.3 Modern, organized first aid evolved from military experiences when surgeons taught soldiers how to splint and bandage battlefield wounds. Two British officers, Peter Shepherd and …

Part 13: First Aid 2010 American Heart Association and American Red Cross International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations

Note From the Writing Group: Throughout this article, the reader will notice combinations of superscripted letters and numbers (eg, “Dilution with Milk or Water”). These callouts are hyperlinked to evidence-based worksheets, which were used in the development of this article. An appendix of worksheets, applicable to this article, is located at the end of the text. The worksheets, co-copyrighted by the American Heart Association and American Red Cross, are available in PDF format and are open access.

Rationale, Methodology, Implementation, and First Results of the French Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry

Abstract Introduction. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is an important public health issue with an estimated incidence of 50,000 cases per year in France. Community survival rates for OHCA are still low (approximately 5%). An effective, recognized way to study, assess, and improve OHCA care is to create a standard-format database. Objective. The aim of this work is to present the French OHCA registry (RéAC). Methods. RéAC is a secure, web-based data management system that was initiated in 2009 and deployed nationally in June 2012. The main goal of this registry is to improve the care and survival rate of OHCA patients. The survey form is in compliance with the requirements of French organizations and is organized in accordance with the Utstein universal style. RéAC provides real-time statistical analyses and enables all French mobile emergency and resuscitation services (MERS) to assess and improve their professional OHCA care practices. Results. In June 2012, the RéAC was nationally opened for all French MERSs. In June 2013, 221 of a possible 320 MERS participated in the RéAC. A total of 15,944 OHCA have been collected (14,939 cases closed with follow-up monitoring). The current rate of inclusion is approximately 1,500 cases per month. Since August 2012, the inclusion rate has increased by 9.5% per month, while the participation rate has increased by 9% per month. The first results show that the population is mainly male (65.4%) and the mean age is 65 ± 19 years. On MERS arrival, 73.5% of the patients were in asystole. The rates of return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital admission, and 30-day survival are low (respectively 21.1%, 17.2%, 4.6%). Of those who survived 30 days, 84.0% had a good neurological recovery. Conclusions. The RéAC registry is a reliable observation tool to improve public health management of OHCA. It provides relevant information to adapt or to develop diagnosis, treatments, and prognostic resources. Moreover, it enables the development of targeted awareness programs for the unique purpose of increasing the survival rates of OHCA patients.

Basismaßnahmen zur Wiederbelebung Erwachsener und Verwendung automatisierter externer Defibrillatoren

Die Basismasnahmen zur Wiederbelebung („basic life support“, BLS) beziehen sich auf das Freihalten der Atemwege sowie das Aufrechterhalten von Atmung und Kreislauf ohne Verwendung von Hilfsmitteln, abgesehen von einfachen Mitteln zum Eigenschutz [1]. Diese Sektion enthalt die Leitlinien zu den Basismasnahmen zur Wiederbelebung Erwachsener und zur Verwendung eines automatisierten externen Defibrillators (AED). Sie beinhaltet auch das Erkennen des plotzlichen Herztodes, die stabile Seitenlage und das Handeln bei Ersticken (Verlegung der Atemwege durch Fremdkorper). Leitlinien fur den Einsatz von manuellen Defibrillatoren und zur Einleitung von Wiederbelebungsmasnahmen im Krankenhaus finden sich in den Sektionen 3 und 4 [2, 3].

Part 9: First Aid 2015 International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations

### Definition of First Aid The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) First Aid Task Force first met in June 2013. Comprising nominated members from around the globe appointed by each ILCOR member organization, the task force members first agreed to the goals of first aid and produced a definition of first aid as it might apply to the international setting. Task force members considered an agreed-upon definition essential for the subsequent development of research questions, evidence evaluation, and treatment recommendations. First aid is defined as the helping behaviors and initial care provided for an acute illness or injury. First aid can be initiated by anyone in any situation. A first aid provider is defined as someone trained in first aid who should The goals of first aid are to preserve life, alleviate suffering, prevent further illness or injury, and promote recovery. This definition of first aid addresses the need to recognize injury and illness, the requirement to develop a specific skill base, and the need for first aid providers to simultaneously provide immediate care and activate emergency medical services (EMS) or other medical care as required. First aid assessments and interventions should be medically sound and based on evidence-based medicine or, in the absence of such evidence, on expert medical consensus. The scope of first aid is not purely scientific, as both training and regulatory requirements will influence it. Because the scope of first aid varies among countries, states, and provinces, the treatment recommendations contained herein may need to be refined according to circumstances, need, and regulatory constraints. One difference between this 2015 definition and that used for the 2010 process is that the …

Part 9: First aid

### Definition of First Aid The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) First Aid Task Force first met in June 2013. Comprising nominated members from around the globe appointed by each ILCOR member organization, the task force members first agreed to the goals of first aid and produced a definition of first aid as it might apply to the international setting. Task force members considered an agreed-upon definition essential for the subsequent development of research questions, evidence evaluation, and treatment recommendations. First aid is defined as the helping behaviors and initial care provided for an acute illness or injury. First aid can be initiated by anyone in any situation. A first aid provider is defined as someone trained in first aid who should The goals of first aid are to preserve life, alleviate suffering, prevent further illness or injury, and promote recovery. This definition of first aid addresses the need to recognize injury and illness, the requirement to develop a specific skill base, and the need for first aid providers to simultaneously provide immediate care and activate emergency medical services (EMS) or other medical care as required. First aid assessments and interventions should be medically sound and based on evidence-based medicine or, in the absence of such evidence, on expert medical consensus. The scope of first aid is not purely scientific, as both training and regulatory requirements will influence it. Because the scope of first aid varies among countries, states, and provinces, the treatment recommendations contained herein may need to be refined according to circumstances, need, and regulatory constraints. One difference between this 2015 definition and that used for the 2010 process is that the …

Basismaßnahmen zur Wiederbelebung Erwachsener und Verwendung automatisierter externer Defibrillatoren : Sektion 2 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2010 des European Resuscitation Council (ERC-Leitlinien)

Die Basismasnahmen zur Wiederbelebung („basic life support“, BLS) beziehen sich auf das Freihalten der Atemwege sowie das Aufrechterhalten von Atmung und Kreislauf ohne Verwendung von Hilfsmitteln, abgesehen von einfachen Mitteln zum Eigenschutz [1]. Diese Sektion enthalt die Leitlinien zu den Basismasnahmen zur Wiederbelebung Erwachsener und zur Verwendung eines automatisierten externen Defibrillators (AED). Sie beinhaltet auch das Erkennen des plotzlichen Herztodes, die stabile Seitenlage und das Handeln bei Ersticken (Verlegung der Atemwege durch Fremdkorper). Leitlinien fur den Einsatz von manuellen Defibrillatoren und zur Einleitung von Wiederbelebungsmasnahmen im Krankenhaus finden sich in den Sektionen 3 und 4 [2, 3].

The Use of Automated External Defibrillators in Infants: A Report From the American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council

Objective Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have been used successfully in many populations to improve survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. While ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia are more prevalent in adults, these arrhythmias do occur in infants. The Scientific Advisory Council of the American Red Cross reviewed the literature on the use of AEDs in infants in order to make recommendations on use in the population. Methods The Cochrane library and PubMed were searched for studies that included AEDs in infants, any external defibrillation in infants, and simulation studies of algorithms used by AEDs on pediatric arrhythmias. Results There were 4 studies on the accuracy of AEDs in recognizing pediatric arrhythmias. Case reports (n = 2) demonstrated successful use of AED in infants, and a retrospective review (n = 1) of pediatric pads for AEDs included infants. Six studies addressed defibrillation dosages used. The algorithms used by AEDs had high sensitivity and specificity for pediatric arrhythmias and very rarely recommended a shock inappropriately. The energy doses delivered by AEDs were high, although in the range that have been used in out-of-hospital arrest. In addition, there are data to suggest that 2 to 4 J/kg may not be effective defibrillation doses for many children. Conclusions In the absence of prompt defibrillation for ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, survival is unlikely. Automated external defibrillators should be used in infants with suspected cardiac arrest, if a manual defibrillator with a trained rescuer is not immediately available. Automated external defibrillators that attenuate the energy dose (eg, via application of pediatric pads) are recommended for infants. If an AED with pediatric pads is not available, the AED with adult pads should be used.

Emergency Preparedness and Response in Occupational Setting: A Position Statement

1 AP-HP, EMS (Samu92), Occupational Health Unit, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France, 2 University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France, 3 INSERM, UMS 011 UMR1168, Villejuif, France, 4 Corporate Health Management, OMV AG, Vienna, Austria, 5 Austrian Academy for Occupational Health & Prevention, Klostenreuburg, Austria, 6 Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, 7 Global First Aid Center, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Paris, France, 8 Department of Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan, 9 La Poste Service Medical/Groupement Infirmier du Travail (GIT), Paris, France, 10 Bureau of International Health Cooperation NCGM, Tokyo, Japan