Pascal Marty
Centre national de la recherche scientifique
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Publication
Featured researches published by Pascal Marty.
Landscape Ecology | 2006
Paul Caplat; Jacques Lepart; Pascal Marty
This paper focuses on understanding human impact on landscape. Both ecological and human practices are analysed as interacting processes. An agent-based model integrating biological and historical knowledge is used to analyse the pattern of Scots Pine encroachment in a French Mediterranean upland. In the STIPA model, pine trees are autonomous agents and a cellular automaton simulates land-use. We test the effects of shifting cultivation on tree establishment at the landscape scale. This allows us to understand how agropastoral practices patterned this area from the 17th to 19th century: simulations show the importance of shifting cultivation in limiting woodland progression. Fallow duration linked to environmental heterogeneity is a significant factor for explaining pine dynamics and landscape patterning at the scale of the study region. We put this result in perspective with current rangeland management policies that often consider grazing as the most relevant tool for open landscape maintenance. Our results also show the importance of taking into account time-scale effects when linking landscape patterns to agricultural systems.
Virtual Reality | 2011
Sébastien Griffon; Amélie Nespoulous; Jean-Paul Cheylan; Pascal Marty; Daniel Auclair
Although land managers and policy-makers generally have a good experience of what result can be expected from their decisions, they are often faced with difficulty when trying to communicate the visual impact of a management option to stakeholders, particularly when the landscape exhibits a high cultural value. Three-dimensional visualization of the landscape is often used for communicating with the stakeholders. A challenge in participatory methods for integrated assessment and policy planning is to view future changes in land use, according to scenarios. A 3-D landscape visualization component, SLE (“Seamless Landscape Explorer”), has been developed, which is launched after a scenario simulation to allow for exploration of landscape changes. Pressures causing such changes are translated into changes in the spatial configuration of the landscape. The different types of land-use are visualized thanks to a library of detailed textures, and vegetation can be added. This has been applied to a study of four scenarios in the French Mediterranean region, which were set up as part of a participatory process for discussing the planning of the regional peri-urban and agricultural policy, in an area dominated by the typical culturally sensitive Mediterranean matorral, (“garrigue” shrubland) surrounding the Pic Saint-Loup mountain. Examples of visualization are shown and discussed here.
Urban Ecosystems | 2010
Sabina Amparo Caula; Clélia Sirami; Pascal Marty; Jean-Louis Martin
Mediterranean landscapes resulted from complex land uses that produced a mosaic of extensive crops, grasslands, scrublands and scattered woodlands. During the twentieth century the decrease in traditional agriculture triggered a decrease in open habitats and an increase in forests. In the meantime urban centres grew dramatically. Both spread of forest and urban areas have been suspected to participate in the decline of typical Mediterranean bird species and, in general, to cause faunal loss. However, modern cities offer a variety of landscape types and, in the Mediterranean, their value for native bird species has been little assessed. We compared the bird communities from an urban landscape, including built up and natural or semi natural units within the limits of the city of Montpellier, to the bird communities from non-urban habitats (cropland, grassland and woodland) located nearby but away from direct urban influence. Fifty four percent of the bird species recorded in the non-urban habitats also occurred in the urban landscape. On average, estimated species richness in the urban landscape was similar to values obtained for non-urban habitats. Within the urban landscape species richness was lowest in the dense historical centre and highest in the residential areas. The residential areas and urban woods were suitable habitats for most generalist species but also for several more specialized species recorded in the non-urban habitats. Some species actually reached their highest observation frequency in the urban landscape. Urban landscape was least favourable to the same farmland and open-habitat specialists that have been negatively affected by agricultural abandonment in the region. Finally, five of the species common in the urban landscape had an unfavorable conservation status in 2004 in the EU. This study emphasizes that Mediterranean urban areas have the potential to host a diverse native bird community. Finding ways to improve their carrying capacity for the local avifauna might be a worthwhile objective for animal conservation.
Journal of Rural Studies | 2008
Reto Soliva; Katrina Rønningen; Ioanna Bella; Peter Bezák; Tamsin Cooper; Bjørn Egil Flø; Pascal Marty; Clive Potter
Landscape and Urban Planning | 2010
Clélia Sirami; Amélie Nespoulous; Jean-Paul Cheylan; Pascal Marty; Glen T. Hvenegaard; Philippe Geniez; Bertrand Schatz; Jean-Louis Martin
Regional Environmental Change | 2010
Fabien Quétier; Florian Rivoal; Pascal Marty; Jacqueline de Chazal; Wilfried Thuiller; Sandra Lavorel
Landscape and Urban Planning | 2008
Sabina Amparo Caula; Pascal Marty; Jean-Louis Martin
Agricultural Systems | 2005
Fabien Quétier; Pascal Marty; Jacques Lepart
Biological Conservation | 2010
Jocelyn Fonderflick; Jacques Lepart; Paul Caplat; Max Debussche; Pascal Marty
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening | 2009
Sabina Amparo Caula; Glen T. Hvenegaard; Pascal Marty