Patchanee Yasurin

Over-expression of CYP78A98, a cytochrome P450 gene from Jatropha curcas L., increases seed size of transgenic tobacco

abstract Article history:Received 30 August 2015Accepted 9 November 2015Available online 26 November 2015 Background: Jatropha curcas L. (further referred to as Jatropha), as a rapidly emerging biofuel crop, has attractedworldwideinterest.However,Jatrophaisstillanundomesticatedplant,thetruepotentialofthisshrubhasnotyetbeenfully realized.ToexplorethepotentialofJatropha,breeding anddomestication are needed.Seedsizeisoneofthemostimportanttraitsofseedyieldandhasbeenselectedsincethebeginningofagriculture.IncreasingtheseedsizeisamaingoalofJatrophadomesticationforincreasingtheseedyield,butthegeneticregulationofseedsize in Jatropha has not been fully understood.Results: We cloned CYP78A98 gene from Jatropha,ahomologueofCYP78A5 in Arabidopsis.WefoundthatCYP78A98 was highly expressed in male flower, female flower, stem apex, leaf and developing seed. However,its transcripts were hardly detected in root and stem. CYP78A98 protein localized in endoplasmic reticulum(ER) and the hydrophobic domain at the N-terminus was essential for the correct protein localization.Furthermore, INNER NO OUTER promoter (pINO) drove specific overexpression of CYP78A98 in transgenictobaccoseedsresultedinincreasedseedsizeandweight,aswellasimprovedseedproteinandfattyacidcontent.Conclusions: The results indicated that CYP78A98 played a role in Jatropha seed size control. This may help us tobetter understand the genetic regulation of Jatropha seed development, and accelerate the breeding progress ofJatropha.©2015PontificiaUniversidad Catolica de Valparaiso. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. Allrights reserved.

The Drug Delivery System of Centella asiatica extract-loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles using of One-step desolvation Method

Centella asiatica is used as medicinal plant to treat various types of symptoms and diseases as well as to improve memory recognition. C. asiatica crude extracts showed excellent potential In-vitro but poor In-vivo bioavailability and drug delivery system resulting from its poor lipid solubility and undesired molecular size. Therefore, this study was aimed to develop C. asiatica crude extract-loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles (CGNP) to improve bioavailability and drug delivery system. CGNP were prepared by using gelatin one-step desolvation method. Entrapment efficiencies in all concentration of CGNP showed no significant difference. The antibacterial activity of CGNP gave almost 3 times higher than crude extracts. The highest inhibition zone of CGNP was 1.00±0.17 cm at pH 2.0 using gelatin one-step desolvation method. The highest antioxidant activity was 22.70±4.69 µg GAE/ml per 10 mg of CGNP with ratio of 1:2 in stomach at pH 2.0. However, bioactive compounds were released at higher rate in gastric juice at pH 2.0. Crude extracts showed significantly greater FRAP with 1.33±0.31 mmol Fe2+/mg dried weight than one-step CGNP at all ratios. Moreover, C. asiatica crude extracts also showed higher radical scavenging than one-step CGNP in DPPH radical scavenging activity. Therefore, CGNP prepared by using one-step desolvation method at ratio 1:4 is the most effective in an economical solution to produce CGNP because it consumed the least operating time and materials.

Simulated Gastrointestinal System Study of Centella asiatica Extract-loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study is to improve antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of Centella asiatica in simulated gastrointestinal system. Gelatin one-step and two-step desolvation nanoparticle methods were used to prepare C. asiatica-loaded gelatin nanoparticles (CGNP) on three different ratio of 95% ethanolic C. asiatica crude extracts:Gelatin (1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). One-step CGNP (OSCGNP) was tested on antibacterial activity by using well agar diffusion method with different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 μg/ml) against seven foodborne pathogens and antioxidant activity by using DPPH method. The inhibition zones of OSCGNP showed highly significant effective at concentration of 300 μg/ml in oesophagus-stomach section against E. coli ATCC25822 and B. subtilis respectively. In addition, S. aureus, S. enterica Enteritidis (human), and S. enterica 4,5,12:i:(human) US clone were strongly inhibited by OSCGNP at concentration of 100 μg/ml. The highest inhibition zone of OSCGNP was 1.00±0.17 cm at pH 2.0 using gelatin one-step desolvation method. The highest antioxidant activity was 22.70±4.69 μg GAE/ml per 10 mg of OSCGNP with ratio of 1:2 occurred in stomach at pH 2.0. Moreover, antioxidant activity of CGNPs (One-step and two-step gelatin nanoparticles) were dropped when they reached duodenum section. The results indicated that CGNPs gave lower antioxidant activity than crude extract.

Natural Antibacterial Activity of Thai Red Curry Paste in Coconut Milk based Curry; Kang-Kati, Model on Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes

Since 2006, Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks have occurred frequently in a variety food types all over the world. Thai red curry paste is composed of 7 herbs which have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity in different independent laboratories. The investigation aimed to study the antibacterial activity of Thai red curry paste in a coconut milk based curry; Kang-Kati, as a real food model against S. enteric Enteritidis (human) and L. monocytogenes 10403S. The standard plate count method as CFU/ml was used to evaluate the Thai red curry paste’s in vitro antibacterial activity every hour for 6 h at room temperature. The Thai red curry paste was extracted according to the traditional Thai home cooking as Kang-Kati. The log CFU/ml of S. enteric Enteritidis (human) level was significantly lower ( P < 0.05 ) in the Kang-Kati model than in nutrient broth (NB) as control at only 3 rd and 4 th h; 3 rd h; 5.53±0.027 and 5.65±0.019, and at 4 th h; 5.62±0.07 and 5.80±0.03 log CFU/ml, respectively. While the log CFU/ml of the L. monocytogenes level was also significantly lower ( P < 0.05 ) in Kang-Kati than in NB at 3 rd and 4 th h; 3 rd h; 5.49±0.01 and 5.61±0.02, and at 4 th h 5.63±0.02 and 5.70±0.04 for log CFU/ml, respectively. The Thai red curry paste in Kang-Kati as a real food model showed promising natural antibacterial activity against the food borne pathogens, enteric Enteritidis (human) and L. monocytogenes 104003S. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2015.82