Patrice Cappelaere

High-speed atmospheric correction for spectral image processing

Land and ocean data product generation from visible-through-shortwave-infrared multispectral and hyperspectral imagery requires atmospheric correction or compensation, that is, the removal of atmospheric absorption and scattering effects that contaminate the measured spectra. We have recently developed a prototype software system for automated, low-latency, high-accuracy atmospheric correction based on a C++-language version of the Spectral Sciences, Inc. FLAASH™ code. In this system, pre-calculated look-up tables replace on-the-fly MODTRAN® radiative transfer calculations, while the portable C++ code enables parallel processing on multicore/multiprocessor computer systems. The initial software has been installed on the Sensor Web at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, where it is currently atmospherically correcting new data from the EO-1 Hyperion and ALI sensors. Computation time is around 10 s per data cube per processor. Further development will be conducted to implement the new atmospheric correction software on board the upcoming HyspIRI missions Intelligent Payload Module, where it would generate data products in nearreal time for Direct Broadcast to the ground. The rapid turn-around of data products made possible by this software would benefit a broad range of applications in areas of emergency response, environmental monitoring and national defense.

Towards an Autonomous Space In-situ Marine Sensorweb

We describe ongoing efforts to integrate and coordinate space and marine assets to enable autonomous response to dynamic ocean phenomena such as algal blooms, eddies, and currents. Thus far we have focused on the use of remote sensing assets (e.g. satellites) but future plans include expansions to use a range of in-situ sensors such as gliders, autonomous underwater vehicles, and buoys/moorings.

Sensor webs with a service-oriented architecture for on-demand science products

This paper describes the work being managed by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Information System Division (ISD) under a NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Advanced Information System Technology (AIST) grant to develop a modular sensor web architecture which enables discovery of sensors and workflows that can create customized science via a high-level service-oriented architecture based on Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) web service standards. These capabilities serve as a prototype to a user-centric architecture for Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS). This work builds and extends previous sensor web efforts conducted at NASA/GSFC using the Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) satellite and other low-earth orbiting satellites.

Developing composite signatures

A composite signature is a group of signatures that are related in such a way to more completely or further define a target or operational endeavor at a higher fidelity. This paper explores the merits of using composite signatures, in lieu of waiting for opportunities for the more elusive diagnostic signatures, to satisfy key essential elements of information Keywords: signature, composite signature, civil disaster (EEI) associated with civil disaster-related problems. It discusses efforts to refine composite signature development methodology and quantify the relative value of composite vs. diagnostic signatures. The objectives are to: 1) investigate and develop innovative composite signatures associated with civil disasters, including physical, chemical and pattern/behavioral; 2) explore the feasibility of collecting representative composite signatures using current and emerging intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) collection architectures leveraging civilian and commercial architectures; and 3) collaborate extensively with scientists and engineers from U.S. government organizations and laboratories, the defense industry, and academic institutions.

Lights Out Operations of a Space, Ground, Sensorweb

We have been operating an autonomous, integrated sensorweb linking numerous space and ground sensors in 24/7 operations since 2004. This sensorweb includes elements of space data acquisition (MODIS, GOES, and EO-1), space asset retasking (EO-1), integration of data acquired from ground sensor networks with on-demand ground processing of data into science products. These assets are being integrated using web service standards from the Open Geospatial Consortium. Future plans include extension to fixed and mobile surface and subsurface sea assets as part of the NSFs ORION Program.

Hyperion: The first global orbital spectrometer, earth observing-1 (EO-1) satellite (2000–2017)

In February 2017, the Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite mission successfully completed sixteen years and three months of Earth imaging by its two unique instruments, the Hyperion and the Advanced Land Imager (ALI). Both instruments have served as prototypes for new orbital sensors. Hyperion has provided the only available global sample of the Earths surface with: (i) passive optical mid-morning observations at moderate spatial resolution (30 m) to match the Landsat series; and (ii) spectral coverage over almost the full optical spectrum in 10 nm contiguous bands, in visible through shortwave infrared (VSWIR, 0.4–2.5 μm) wavelengths. Consequently, Hyperion is a heritage platform for future full-spectrum VSWIR orbital spectrometers, including the German mission, EnMAP (2019), and the NASA pre-Phase A (yet unscheduled) mission, the Hyperspectral InfraRed Imager (HyspIRI), defined by the 2007 Decadal Survey conducted by the US National Research Council. We provide an overview of the missions lifetime and Hyperions scientific and application accomplishments, including calibration & validation activities, data quality evaluations during end of mission precession changes to the orbit and overpass time, and the development of a user-friendly science quality archive.

Improving information standards and remote sensing support for disaster management

Effective remote sensing support to disaster management may require rethinking the processes, standards, and life-cycles for data management. These have traditionally emphasized the viewpoints and concerns of data providers and their immediate operational clients. But particularly in disaster management, there is a need to make end users more central to the design and evolution of the services infrastructure, so as to account for local variability and rapid evolution of user needs. State of the art online data services now provide opportunities to let users request and receive custom products on demand; manipulate them with ubiquitous software tools; and share them across social networks. The resulting “product lifecycle” offers both challenges and unprecedented opportunities for the design and development of geospatial and remote sensing systems in support of disaster management.

Improving Operational Responsiveness Using Open Geospatial Consortium Web-Enabled Nodes in a Space Environment

The Open GeoSpatial Consortium (OGC) is actively working on many specifications that are extremely relevant to this application. The OGC Webservices Testbed Phase-4(OWS-4) experiment which culminated in December 2006, demonstrated more than 40 organizations inter-operating using the OGC standards and tasking sensors including the NASA EO-1 satellite as part of a disaster relief scenario. The EO-1 GeoBliki, a Sensor Web Enabled Data node, was one of the first operational instantiations of a space node in advance of TASCAT-1.