Patricia Carter

An ecological analysis of factors associated with food insecurity in South Australia, 2002-7

OBJECTIVE To estimate the extent of food insecurity in South Australia and its relationship with a variety of socio-economic variables. DESIGN Data collected routinely from 2002 to 2007 by SA Health were analysed to explore food security in the States population. An ecological analysis of data collected by the South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System (SAMSS) that collects data on key health indicators. Questions on food security are asked periodically from July 2002 to December 2007. SETTING South Australia. SUBJECTS Over 37,000 interviewees took part in SAMSS surveys. Questions about food security were asked of 19,037 subjects. The sample was weighted by area, age and gender so that the results were representative of the South Australian population. RESULTS Seven per cent (1342/19,037) of subjects reported running out of food during the previous year and not having enough money to buy food (food insecurity). Logistic regression analysis found food insecurity to be highest in households with low levels of education, limited capacity to save money, Aboriginal households, and households with three or more children. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that food insecurity is strongly linked to economic disadvantage. Increasing cost of food is likely to exacerbate food insecurity. This is of concern given that food insecurity is associated with poor health, especially obesity and chronic disease. Comprehensive action at all levels is required to address root causes of food insecurity. Regular surveillance is required to continue to monitor levels of food security, but more in-depth understandings, via qualitative research, would be useful.

Obesity in South Australian adults--prevalence, projections and generational assessment over 13 years.

Objectives: To examine the trend in obesity prevalence using annual representative cross‐sectional samples of the South Australian population, to project the increase of obesity using current trends, and to examine the increase in prevalence by generational assessment.

Food stress in Adelaide: the relationship between low income and the affordability of healthy food.

Healthy food is becoming increasingly expensive, and families on low incomes face a difficult financial struggle to afford healthy food. When food costs are considered, families on low incomes often face circumstances of poverty. Housing, utilities, health care, and transport are somewhat fixed in cost; however food is more flexible in cost and therefore is often compromised with less healthy, cheaper food, presenting an opportunity for families on low incomes to cut costs. Using a “Healthy Food Basket” methodology, this study costed a weeks supply of healthy food for a range of family types. It found that low-income families would have to spend approximately 30% of household income on eating healthily, whereas high-income households needed to spend about 10%. The differential is explained by the cost of the food basket relative to household income (i.e., affordability). It is argued that families that spend more than 30% of household income on food could be experiencing “food stress.” Moreover the high cost of healthy foods leaves low-income households vulnerable to diet-related health problems because they often have to rely on cheaper foods which are high in fat, sugar, and salt.

Past and projected trends of body mass index and weight status in South Australia: 2003 to 2019

Objective: Functional data analysis (FDA) is a forecasting approach that, to date, has not been applied to obesity, and that may provide more accurate forecasting analysis to manage uncertainty in public health. This paper uses FDA to provide projections of Body Mass Index (BMI), overweight and obesity in an Australian population through to 2019.

Public attitudes to government intervention to regulate food advertising, especially to children

The World Health Organization has called on governments to implement recommendations on the marketing of foods and beverages to children. This study describes high public support for government intervention in marketing of unhealthy food to children and suggests more effort is needed to harness public opinion to influence policy development.