Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão

Brotação e fertilidade de gemas em uvas sem sementes no Vale do São Francisco

Aiming to evaluate the bud burst percentage and fruitfulness index of five varieties of seedless grape in five different pruning dates, an experiment was carried out in the Experimental Station of Bebedouro, of Semi-arid Embrapa, in Petrolina-PE. The experimental design was in split plot , constituted by five varieties as main treatments, five different pruning times as secondary treatments and being used ten repetitions (plants). The varieties were Perlette, Thompson Seedless, Marroo Seedless, Catalunha and Superior Seedless, and the pruning times were the following ones: 12/18 to 12/19/2000; 06/18 to 06/21/2001; 10/23 to 10/29/2001; 01/29 to 02/05/2002 and 04/08 to 04/12/2002. The studied variables were the percentage of budbreak and the fruitfulness index, calculated by the ratio number of bunches/number of buds. The fruitfulness was evaluated from the 1st to the 10 th buds of the cane. The best results for budding and fruitfulness were obtained in the Marroo Seedless and Perlette varieties, and pruning in June of 2001 and April of 2002 increased sprouting and fruitfulness in most of the varieties.

Caracterização fenológica e produtiva da variedade de uva Superior Seedless cultivada no Vale do São Francisco

The Superior seedless grape cultivar presents as one of the most important seedless grape, specially due the excelent bunches characteristics and good flavor. In the last years is the most important seedless grape yield in the Sao Francisco Valley. This work aims the phenologic and productive characterization of the Superior Seedless grape cultivar in the Sao Francisco Valley. The evaluations were obtained in the private farm at 1999 and 2000. The cultivar Superior Seedless presented average cycle of 94 days. The pruning in 16/02/1999 promoted the antecipation of 14 days of the harvest. The average yield was very low, showing good bunch characteristics.

Diversidade genética de acessos de uvas de mesa baseada em caracteres morfoagronômicos

The conservation and characterization of grape (Vitis spp) genetic resources in germplasm banks have been the basis of its use in breeding programs that result in development of new cultivars. There are at least 10,000 grape cultivars kept in germplasm collection. The genetic diversity in 136 table grape accessions from the state of Bahia, Brazil, was evaluated. Continuous and discrete morphoagronomic traits were assessed. The clustering analysis by the Tocher otimization method resulted in 30 clusters (considering continuous morphoagronomic traits), and 9 clusters (taking into consideration multicategorical traits). There was no agreement between clusters obtained by both, continuous or discrete phenotypic descriptors, independent of the cluster method analysis used. A satisfactory genetic variability among the table grape accessions was observed.

Abscisic Acid and Ethephon for Improving Red Color and Quality of Crimson Seedless Grapes Grown in a Tropical Region

This study sought to examine the effects of applying abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon at different rates and times on color properties and quality of Crimson Seedless grapes grown in the São Francisco River Valley, Brazil. The experiments were carried out over three growing seasons (i.e., production cycles) in a commercial vineyard in Petrolina, Pernambuco State. The treatments consisted of a control (without ABA or ethephon), ethephon alone or with ABA, and ABA applied at 400 and 600 mg/L. ABA was tested in four different applications: a single application of ABA at veraison 90 to 97 days after pruning (DAP); two applications of half the application rate, the first one at veraison or berry softening (90 to 97 DAP) and the second at 17 to 20 days postveraison (DPV); a single application at 17 to 20 DPV; and ABA at 200 or 300 mg/L combined with ethephon. Application of ABA and ethephon did not influence yield, cluster weight, berry diameter, skin elasticity, soluble solids, or sugar content. Titratable acidity was influenced by application of 200 mg/L ABA at 90 DAP and 17 DPV but only in the first production cycle. Flesh (pulp) firmness was affected only in the third cycle by ethephon alone or when combined with 300 mg/L ABA. In 2012, ethephon application combined with 200 or 300 mg/L ABA at veraison (97 DAP), resulted in berries with significantly darker skin color, lower lightness (L*), and a higher b* value, indicating more advanced maturation. In all three production cycles, ABA and ethephon application increased anthocyanin content, resulting in a darker red berry color; the magnitude of this response varied among the cycles.

GIRDLING AND GROWTH REGULATORS: EFFECTS ON THE BIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND QUALITY OF BUNCHES OF VINE 'SUPERIOR SEDLESS'

Aiming to increase the berry size, weight of bunches and yield, the bunches of the cv. Superior Seedless was powdered with gibberelic acid (1 + 20 mg.L-1), bio-stimulant Crop Set® in the dosis of 0.1 and 0.2%. In adition was used the treatment known as girdling. Those treatments were applied in an isolated way or combined to each other. The work was carried out during 2001-2002 (two harvest seasons), in the Experimental Station of Bebedouro, Semi-arid Embrapa in Petrolina, Pernambuco State. The experimental design were in randomized blocks with 12 treatments and three replications. The differences among the treatments were not statistical significant in the two evaluated seasons. However, when the gibberelic acid was associated with Crop Set® 0.1% and girdling, it was observed a tendency to increase the weight of bunches, as well as, the weight and berry size in the 2001 season. The bunches treated with gibberelic acid presented stronger rachis, although significant differences are not observed among the treatments. Some plants submited to the girdling presented problems with cicatrization, that caused death of them, recomending to avoid this practice in the conditions of this work.

Genetic diversity of a brazilian wine grape germplasm collection based on morphoagronomic traits

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of cultivars, to quantify the variability and to estimate the genetic distances of 66 wine grape accessions in the Grape Germplasm Bank of the EMBRAPA Semi-Arid, in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, through the characterization of discrete and continuous phenotypic variables. Multivariate statistics, such as, principal components, Tochers optimization procedure, and the graphic of the distance, were efficient in grouping more similar genotypes, according to their phenotypic characteristics. There was no agreement in the formation of groups between continuous and discrete morpho-agronomic traits, when Tochers optimization procedure was used. Discrete variables allowed the separation of Vitis vinifera and hybrids in different groups. Significant positive correlations were observed between weight, length and width of bunches, and a negative correlation between titratable acidity and TSS/TTA. The major part (84.12%) of the total variation present in the original data was explained by the four principal components. The results revealed little variability between wine grape accessions in the Grape Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Semi-Arid.

Qualidade sensorial e físico-química de uvas finas de mesa cultivadas no submédio São Francisco

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar uvas Vitis vinifera L. das variedades comerciais: Brasil, Benitaka, Italia e Red Globe, quanto as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas e sensoriais. Os teores de solidos soluveis, diâmetro e comprimento das bagas, cujos resultados apresentaram conformidade com os padroes comerciais, foram determinados. A avaliacao sensorial foi realizada por meio da Analise Descritiva Quantitativa - ADQ. Foram selecionados e treinados os julgadores que, sob orientacao de um lider, estabeleceram os atributos sensoriais capazes de descrever com fidedignidade as caracteristicas das uvas, conforme se segue: tonalidade de cor, uniformidade de cor, aroma caracteristico, firmeza, gosto doce, gosto amargo, gosto acido, adstringencia, sabor e qualidade global. Constatou-se que as medias obtidas nos atributos tonalidade de cor, uniformidade de cor, firmeza, sabor e qualidade global diferiram estatisticamente dentre as uvas avaliadas e, ainda, que os atributos do sabor, seguido do gosto doce e da tonalidade da cor, apresentaram as correlacoes mais fortes com a qualidade global, determinantes, portanto, das caracteristicas sensoriais das uvas.

Utilização de diferentes tipos de estaca na produção de mudas do porta-enxerto de videira, CV. IAC 572 'Jales'

This study aimed at evaluating different kinds of cutting with variable bud number on rooting, budding percentage and development of grapes scions stock cv. IAC 572. A trial was carried out in a nursery at Embrapa in Petrolina, Brazil, in a randomized design, with four replications and five treatments, with 25 cuttings each plot. The treatments are the following: 1) Three bud ligneous cutting; 2) Two bud ligneous cutting; 3) One bud ligneous cutting; 4)Two bud herbaceous cutting and 5) One bud herbaceous cutting. At 60 days after planting, three bud ligneous cutting presented the greatest percentages of rooting (99%) and budding (99%) and best development of shoots and roots. However, these results are not significantly different (p>0.5) to the values obtained to rooting and budding using one bud ligneous cutting.

Divergência genética entre variedades de videiras do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Semiárido

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a divergencia genetica entre 31 variedades de videira do Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa Semiarido, considerando caracteristicas de qualidade, compostos de importância funcional e atividade antioxidante dos frutos. Foram avaliadas nas bagas as seguintes caracteristicas: teor de solidos soluveis (SS), acidez titulavel (AT), relacao SS/AT, resistencia da baga a forca de compressao, teor de taninos (dimeros, oligomericos e polimericos), polifenois extraiveis totais, antocianinas totais, flavonoides amarelos e atividade antioxidante. Foi utilizada a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis para quantificar a divergencia genetica entre as variedades. Como estrategias de agrupamento, foram empregados UPGMA e a analise de variaveis canonicas. A variabilidade genetica para teores de compostos fenolicos, determinados por meio de taninos polimericos, de polifenois extraiveis totais e de antocianinas totais, existentes em variedades de videira do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Semiarido permitiu a identificacao de genotipos divergentes com potencial aproveitamento em futuras acoes de melhoramento voltadas para a melhoria das propriedades funcionais.

Canopy Management of Table Grapes Cultivar in Tropical Conditions

The production of some seedless table grapes under tropical conditions presents low bud fertility on the main canes and low yield, which leads to the need of pruning in the lateral shoots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the canopy management for the formation of lateral shoots associated with density of canes on the yield and quality of grapes “Sugraone” in the São Francisco Valley. The experiment was carried out over two growing seasons (2011-2012) in a commercial vineyard of Sugraone in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The treatments consisted of two canopy managements (shoot topping associated to elimination of lateral shoots and shoot topping and formation of lateral shoots) combined with two to three densities of canes after pruning (1.8, 2.8 and 3.8 canes/m). The formation of “lateral shoots” increased yield and number of clusters per plant during two consecutive growing seasons, besides using 2.8 varas/m resulted in highest yields only in 2011 growing season. The variables mass bunch, mass berry, soluble solids (SS), soluble sugar, titratable acidity (TA) and pulp firmness were not affected by treatments, while the attributes related to color, as like brightness and hue angle of the skin, and total extractable polyphenols content were influenced by canopy management, especially in the 2012 growing season. Shoot topping to induce formation of laterals shoots associated with density of 2.8 canes/m increased the yield of seedless grapes cultivar Sugraone grown in the São Francisco Valley, not significantly affecting the quality of the grape.