Patrícia Oom do Valle

COMBINING BEHAVIORAL THEORIES TO PREDICT RECYCLING INVOLVEMENT

This study merges insights from two well-known attitude-behavior theories—the theory of planned behavior and the model of altruistic behavior—with elements from two broader models from environmental psychology—the model of environmental behavior and the model of environmental concern—to propose a comprehensive structural equation model to explain recycling behavior. The specified model is estimated using data from the most recent national survey performed in Portugal on the subject. In general, results support the use of the theory of planned behavior as a basis for modeling recycling participation. However, the integration of this theory with the Schwartzs model is only partially achieved. Another important finding is that recycling behavior is indirectly determined by personal psychological features, such as social conscience, but not by general ecological attitudes.

Behavioral Determinants of Household Recycling Participation The Portuguese Case

Recycling is an effective resource-recovery mechanism with significant economic and environmental benefits. The success of the Portuguese Integrated System of Packaging Waste Management (SIGRE), managed since 1997 by a private company called SPV, depends on a growing and sustained participation of consumers through the correct separation and disposal of recyclable waste. Within this frame-work, the present research applies different multivariate data analysis techniques to some specific questions of the most recent national survey about recycling behavior with the purpose of identifying factors able to motivate consumers to participate in the selective-collection program. Results suggest differences between recyclers and nonrecyclers concerning specific attitudes toward recycling and also the need of improving the provided logistic service. This research proposes also some guidelines that may be considered in future communication and intervention strategies, designed to promote recycling participation.

Why people travel to exotic places

Purpose – This study focuses on the Portuguese tourist decision process in terms of traveling to exotic places. Based on the push‐pull motive model defined by Crompton in 1979, this paper seeks to propose an integrated approach to understand tourist motivations and how these contribute to the perception of a destination.Design/methodology/approach – A structural model and a categorical principal component analysis are used to assess to what degree motivational factors may influence perceptions about a destination. The empirical study is supported through data from a sample of 1,097 individuals who travelled by plane to exotic places, during 2004.Findings – The findings show that push and pull motivations influence the way tourists perceive the destination but the resulting image does not determined the intrinsic motivations.Research limitations/implications – The study has the restriction of being limited to the Portuguese case. However, these findings open paths for further investigation, namely extendin...

Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Tourism Research A Review of Past Research and Recommendations for Future Applications

Although the number of empirical applications of partial least–squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in tourism has increased in the last two years, Assaker, Huang, and Hallak have conducted the only assessment on the use of PLS-SEM in four studies and with a limited number of criteria. Thus, this study aims to critically analyze how the PLS-SEM method has been applied in 44 articles published in 11 leading tourism journals from 2000 to 2014 in terms of four key criteria: (1) themes explored and main motivations for using PLS-SEM; (2) characteristics of proposed models; (3) how the models were evaluated; and (4) the use of more advanced analyses within the method. The findings revealed that although applications in tourism have improved in recent years, problematic aspects in the application of PLS-SEM in tourism research still exist. The article provides suggestions on how to improve the use of PLS-SEM in future tourism applications.

The Cognitive-Affective-Conative Model of Destination Image: A Confirmatory Analysis

ABSTRACT Destination image influences tourist behavior before, during, and after travel, as it is an important instrument which contributes to tourists’ loyalty. Although Gartner (1993) advocates that the cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions of destination image are hierarchically interrelated, there is no empirical evidence to support the complete model. This study aims to test the hierarchical nature of the relationship between the dimensions of destination image. The results of structural equation modeling confirm Gartners theoretical model, validating the theory that the influence of the cognitive component on the conative dimension is higher when mediated by the affective component, raising managerial implications.

Residents’ Attitudes towards Tourism Development in Cape Verde Islands

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine residents’ attitudes and perceptions towards tourism development in the Cape Verde islands, a little-explored issue in the context of small islands’ developing states, especially in Africa. Since the country is in the initial stage of tourism development, it is intended to show that residents predominantly share a positive attitude, which supports previous research. It is also intended to understand whether attitudes are homogeneously shared or instead tourism is differently perceived by residents. To address these objectives, a survey based on 492 questionnaires was applied to national residents in five countries that represent the major tourist areas of Cape Verde. The findings reveal that, in general, residents are optimistic about tourism. Yet, despite the overall positive attitude towards tourism, different segments of residents according to the way the tourism impacts are perceived could be identified. These segments report significant differences concerning socio-demographic characteristics and the degree of involvement in the tourism sector. This analysis provides important inputs for the planning process and sustainable development of tourism in the archipelago.

Co-creation of tourist experiences: a literature review

This paper reviews the literature concerning co-creation of tourism experiences. It analyses the theoretical underpinnings of co-creation and discusses key dimensions of the concept from the tourists perspective, highlighting the importance of active participation and interaction. The aim is to propose a psychology-focused definition of on-site co-creation tourism experience on which to base a conceptual framework relating important constructs. Opportunities for future empirical research in this area are suggested.

Co-Creation Experiences: Attention and Memorability

ABSTRACT This study examines the on-site co-creation experience from a tourist perspective. A review of the literature and in-depth interviews with tourists who participated in a ‘swimming with dolphins’ experience are used to explore the importance of co-creation in enhancing attention and the memorability of the experience. Findings suggest that the co-creation experience influences memorability by focusing the tourist’s attention. This study contributes to the conceptualization of co-creation in the field of tourism by substantiating the usefulness of a psychologically based approach to experience design.

Determinants of tourism return behaviour

Recent studies demonstrate that an increased number of Portuguese tourists choose Brazil as a tourism destination. Based on a literature review on the determinants of tourism demand, this study proposes a logit model that explains the probability of returning to this destination as a function of motivations, expectations, travel characteristics and the tourists socio-demographic profile. After formulating the model, defining and testing of the six research hypotheses takes place. The study sample comprises 112 Portuguese tourists travelling to Brazil. The data fit the model adequately and the paper concludes with the authors discussing the theoretical and marketing implications.

Destination Image and Events: A Structural Model for the Algarve Case

Algarve is Portugals top tourism destination. In looking to develop the traditional sun and beach tourism, the Portuguese government launched the Allgarve program in 2007 with the aim of positioning the region as a premier tourism destination, promoting the cultural industry as a modern and competitive component of the regional economy. Using partial least squares modelling (PLS), the study explores the relationship between the image projected by Allgarve and the image of Algarve as a tourism destination. Results show that the program has had a positive and reasonably strong influence on the destination image. In terms of affective elements, findings show that these were not easily perceived by tourists, as anticipated by the Allgarve program. An important outcome of this study is to contribute towards better management of future editions of the Allgarve program.