Patricia R. Freeman

Eliciting Willingness to Pay Without Bias: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Concern exists that hypothetical willingness to pay questions overestimate real willingness to pay. In a field experiment, we compare two methods of removing hypothetical bias, a cheap talk approach and a certainty approach, with real purchases. We find evidence of hypothetical bias for unadulterated contingent valuation. Contingent valuation with certainty statements removes the hypothetical bias, but the cheap talk approach has no significant impact. Our findings suggest that willingness to pay can be accurately estimated by adding a simple follow-up question about the certainty of responses and that cheap talk is not a generally effective approach.

Hypothetical versus real willingness to pay in the health care sector: results from a field experiment

Abstract We conducted a field experiment comparing hypothetical and real purchase decisions for a pharmacist provided asthma management program among 172 subjects with asthma. Subjects received either a dichotomous choice contingent valuation question or were given the opportunity to actually enroll in the program. Three different prices were used: US

Assessment of the relationship between measures of disease severity, quality of life, and willingness to pay in asthma.

15, 40, and 80. In the hypothetical group, 38% of subjects said that they would purchase the good at the stated price, but only 12% of subjects in the real group purchased the good ( p =0.000). We cannot, however, reject the null hypothesis that “definitely sure” hypothetical yes responses, as identified in a follow-up question, correspond to real yes responses. We conclude that the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method overestimates willingness to pay, but that it may be possible to correct for this overestimation by sorting out “definitely sure” yes responses.

Independent community pharmacist interest in participating in community pharmacy research networks

AbstractObjective: The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between willingness-to-pay (WTP), quality-of-life (QOL), and disease-severity measures in patients with asthma. The hypothesis studied was that patients with asthma with more severe disease are willing to pay more for a hypothetical cure of asthma than those with less severe disease.n Design setting/Patients and participants: One hundred patients with asthma were recruited from community pharmacies in Kentucky for 30-minute face-to-face interviews.n Interventions: Spirometry assessed objective disease severity in terms of pulmonary function, while a multiple choice question measured subjective disease severity. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) health survey and Asthma Technology of Patient Experience (Asthma TyPE) measured quality of life. WTP was obtained via a dichotomous choice contingent valuation question.n Results: In this exploratory evaluation, WTP was significantly related to both objective disease severity (p = 0.02) and subjectively assessed disease severity (p = 0.01). For objective disease severity the mean monthly WTP was

Implementation of personalized medicine services in community pharmacies: Perceptions of independent community pharmacists

US90 for mild asthma,

Pharmacists’ role in opioid overdose: Kentucky pharmacists’ willingness to participate in naloxone dispensing

US131 for moderate asthma and

Development and delivery of a pharmacist training program to increase naloxone access in Kentucky

US331 for severe asthma and for subjective disease severity the mean monthly WTP was

Pseudoephedrine Sales and Seizures of Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratories in Kentucky

US48 for mild asthma,

Features of prescription drug monitoring programs associated with reduced rates of prescription opioid-related poisonings

US166 for moderate asthma and

Trends and Patterns of Opioid Analgesic Prescribing: Regional and Rural-Urban Variations in Kentucky From 2012 to 2015: Trends & Patterns of Opioid Analgesic Prescribing

US241 for severe asthma.n Conclusions: The results suggest that the WTP for a cure from asthma is related to both objective and subjective disease severity. These findings contribute to the case for construct validity of the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method in the healthcare sector.