Patricia Shaw

Intervening in the shadow systems of organizations

Suggests that consultants have tended to understand organizational systems in terms of organic metaphors of equilibrium adaptations between system and environment. Examines the implications of ideas from the study of complex adaptive systems that suggest that living systems co‐evolve to far‐from‐equilibrium conditions, “at the edge of chaos”. Takes this perspective for understanding the interactions occurring simultaneously in an organization’s designed or formal network of relationships, and in its self‐organizing or shadow networks. Provides illustrations from the author’s consulting practice to suggest how such a perspective may inform OD intervention in organizational culture change.

Speaking of Complexity in Management Theory and Practice

This paper describes a complexity perspective on organizational life by drawing on three distinctive sources. First, we describe the way different natural scientists talk of their work in simulating complex dynamical systems. Second, we listen to the contribution of social scientists in describing the dynamics of human interaction and third, we describe group analytic practice as it illuminates the emotional, prelinguistic processes at work in the group matrix. We argue that together these insights allow us to speak of the nature of self-organization in human systems in a way that emphasizes inter subjectivity, emergence and de-centred agency in contrast to the dominant voice in much management thinking which emphasizes objectivity, control and individual agency. We then relate how the complexity perspective we describe informs our approach to organizational consulting in which we participate in networks of self-organizing everyday conversation whereby the patterned structure of organizational activity is paradoxically both sustained and changed.

Knowing and Acting in Conditions of Uncertainty: A Complexity Perspective

As practitioners working with groups and organizations, we have reflected together on what we think is happening when we find ourselves acting into situations in which the intention motivating the action as its goal is itself emerging in the very action. Along with others, we have been excited by the ideas of self-organization in the natural sciences and also theories of practice, for example, tacit and explicit knowledge, in the social sciences. Together, these promise fresh insights into the potential of organizations. However, we find ourselves diverging significantly from writers who at first sight seem to be using similar ideas, but they do so with an exclusive focus on strategic choice and intention. To illustrate what we mean, we explore the work of Nonaka and Takeuchi and how they use Polanyis idea of the participant observer. We do this to identify contradictions we see in their approach. We also discuss the implications of an alternative understanding of participation and what this indicates about what can and cannot be “managed” in the creation of new knowledge.