Patricio López

Submerged Paleolandscapes: Site GNL Quintero 1 (GNLQ1) and the First Evidences from the Pacific Coast of South America

In this chapter, the authors present research conducted on GNL Quintero 1 (GNLQ1), a Late Pleistocene paleontological submerged site located on the Pacific coast of Central Chile (32°46′S). GNLQ1, located 650 m offshore and 13 m underwater, was discovered and test excavated as part of a Cultural Resource Management (CRM) project. The authors describe the research method and strategies applied and the results obtained so far. By combining geological, geomorphological, bathymetrical, sedimentological, and paleontological data with a digital simulation model, they suggest that by c. 16,000 cal BP, a significant part of Quintero Bay was exposed and GNLQ1 would have been located several kilometers inland as the paleoshoreline was farther out on the continental shelf. In light of this new evidence they discuss the known association between extinct megafauna and early human adaptations in the area. Despite the fact that no human agency has been inferred, the similarities of the extinct faunal assemblage with prehistoric sites on land are suggestive and encourage further research. They conclude GNLQ1 provides the first unambiguous evidence that this record can survive in situ and be located through underwater investigation, thus offering insight into a submerged paleolandscape viable for human occupation and transit along the Pacific Coast of South America during the Late Pleistocene.

ANÁLISIS DE ISÓTOPOS ESTABLES EN COLÁGENO DE HUESOS DE CAMÉLIDOS DE QUEBRADA TULÁN, PUNA DE ATACAMA, PERIODO FORMATIVO TEMPRANO: CA. 3.100-2.400 A.P

Se presentan los resultados de los analisis de isotopos estables (δ13C y δ15N) realizados sobre colageno de huesos de Lama guanicoe (guanaco) y Lama glama (llama) de los sitios Tulan-85 y Tulan-54, asignados al Formativo Temprano (ca. 3.100-2.400 a.p.) y emplazados al sureste de la Puna de Atacama (II Region-Chile). Las muestras zooarqueologicas se seleccionaron mediante criterios anatomicos y morfometricos. Los resultados senalan diferencias en la dietas de ambas especies, explicables por los cambios altitudinales de la vegetacion relacionada a la Quebrada Tulan, que se relacionarian con los emplazamientos de caza y pastoreo.

Terrestrial and maritime taphonomy: differential effects on spatial distribution of a Late Pleistocene continental drowned faunal bone assemblage from the Pacific coast of Chile

Site GNL Quintero 1 (GNLQ1), located on the central coast of Chile, is the only documented Late Pleistocene drowned terrestrial site along the Pacific Coast of South America. Faunal evidence at the site is varied, and so far, remains of the following taxa have been found: extinct Camelidae, Cervidae, Equidae, Mylodontidae, Xenarthra, but also Myocastoridae, Canidae and Octodontidae. Both geological and paleoenvironmental data indicate that GNLQ1 developed in a floodplain or low-energy environment during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Prior to the post-glacial rising of the sea level, the site would have been located several kilometres inland as the paleoshoreline was farther out on the continental shelf. In accordance with this background, the present study addresses the analysis of the spatial distribution of the bone deposits of GNLQ1 by considering both scenarios, the terrestrial phase related to the formation and modification of the fossil assemblage prior to the transgression, and the marine phase, subsequent to inundation. Results indicate modifications related to low-energy flow environment and carnivore activity dominated during the terrestrial phase and the action of marine organisms during the marine phase. Other taphonomic modifications are not easily attributable to either one or the other environmental context.

DINÁMICA ESPACIAL Y TEMPORAL DE LAS OCUPACIONES PREHISPÁNICAS EN LA CUENCA HIDROGRÁFICA DEL RÍO LIMARÍ (30° LAT. S.)

Este trabajo discute la secuencia de desarrollo historico prehispanico en el Norte Semiarido de Chile a partir del estudio de las dinamicas espaciales y temporales de las ocupaciones humanas en la cuenca hidrografica del rio Limari. A partir del estudio de asentamientos, materiales depositados en colecciones y arte rupestre se observa una secuencia de transformaciones y desarrollo desde el Arcaico Temprano hasta el periodo Incaico que diverge de lo tradicionalmente planteado para la region, reconociendose ritmos de cambios sociales diferenciales dentro de la misma zona, especialmente en relacion con la tradicional asociacion entre incorporacion de ceramica y la constitucion de un modo de vida agricola. La incorporacion del arte rupestre permite articular sus caracteristicas espaciales y representacionales con procesos mas amplios, discutiendose las relaciones establecidas entre dinamicas y cambios sociales con los flujos de informacion que producen las representaciones rupestres y sus respectivas audiencias.

Early Holocene Inland Occupation in the Semiarid North of Chile

The human occupation of the Pacific Rim of the southern Andes during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition was concentrated near the coast. The Pichasquita rockshelter in the Semiarid North of Chile, however, shows evidence of an early Holocene occupation of the inland mountains. This rockshelter functioned as a residential camp from which local fauna was exploited and vegetal resources were processed. Current information suggests early coastal groups extended their mobility circuits inland after 11,000 cal yr BP.

A batch sizing and scheduling problem on parallel machines with different speeds, maintenance operations, setup times and energy costs: International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management, IEEE IESM 2015

This paper considers a production scheduling problem in a Chilean company from the metalworking industry. This company produces steel balls of different diameters on parallel production lines. There are different types of production lines and each production line may have a different speed for producing each diameter. Furthermore a setup time occurs when changing the diameter produced on each machine. Besides these production and setup operations, maintenance operations have to be scheduled. These electrical machines yield high energy demands. It is therefore crucial to minimize total energy consumption, which depends on batch/machine assignment, and maximum demand on peak hours. We consider the batch sizing and scheduling problem involving electricity costs in a non-uniform parallel machine context. Given a demand for each family of steel balls, the problem consists in splitting the demand in sublots (batches) that have to be assigned and scheduled on the parallel machines together with the required maintenance operations. The goal is to complete the schedule before a common deadline while minimizing electricity costs. We propose to tackle this problem through mixed integer linear programming. We propose a global formulation and a two-phase matheuristic. Computational results on realistic instances are provided.

Introducción de taxones domésticos y control de camélidos en el norte semiárido: variabilidad osteométrica en el Valle de Mauro, IV Región, Chile

En el presente trabajo se dan a conocer los resultados del analisis osteometrico de los sitios provenientes del Valle de Mauro (MAU033, MAU085, MAU062, MAU065, MAU083, MAU091, MAU064, MAU092, MAU067 y MAU094), Norte Semiarido, Chile. Los analisis cubren una secuencia temporal que abarca desde el Arcaico Tardio hasta el Periodo Tardio. En este trabajo se busca evaluar la hipotesis que senala la irrupcion de taxones domesticos (llama) tardiamente durante el periodo Diaguita-Inka. Los resultados de los sitios arcaicos presentaban en algunos casos un tamano mayor que los estandares actuales de guanaco utilizados como referencia. Dada la adscripcion cronologica de los yacimientos, los restos se interpretaron como guanacos pero con un morfotipo mas grande que los utilizados como referencia. En el caso de los sitios tardios se concluye que los restos representados corresponderian al menos a dos taxones diferentes del grupo de camelidos grandes, guanaco y llama. No obstante, al observar los resultados diacronicamente se observa una alta variabilidad osteometrica que dificulta las interpretaciones en cuanto a los taxones presentes y sugieren un posible control temprano de los camelidos.