Patrick Lydon

Estimating the costs of achieving the WHO-UNICEF Global Immunization Vision and Strategy, 2006-2015

OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost of scaling up childhood immunization services required to reach the WHO-UNICEF Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) goal of reducing mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases by two-thirds by 2015. METHODS A model was developed to estimate the total cost of reaching GIVS goals by 2015 in 117 low- and lower-middle- income countries. Current spending was estimated by analysing data from country planning documents, and scale-up costs were estimated using a bottom-up, ingredients-based approach. Financial costs were estimated by country and year for reaching 90% coverage with all existing vaccines; introducing a discrete set of new vaccines (rotavirus, conjugate pneumococcal, conjugate meningococcal A and Japanese encephalitis); and conducting immunization campaigns to protect at-risk populations against polio, tetanus, measles, yellow fever and meningococcal meningitis. FINDINGS The 72 poorest countries of the world spent US

Global routine vaccination coverage, 2014.

2.5 (range: US

A new global immunisation vision and strategy

1.8-4.2) billion on immunization in 2005, an increase from US

Introducing new vaccines in the poorest countries : What did we learn from the GAVI experience with financial sustainability?

1.1 (range: US

Financial challenges of immunization: a look at GAVI

0.9-1.6) billion in 2000. By 2015 annual immunization costs will on average increase to about US

Projections of costs, financing, and additional resource requirements for low- and lower middle-income country immunization programs over the decade, 2011-2020.

4.0 (range US

Government financing for health and specific national budget lines : The case of vaccines and immunization

2.9-6.7) billion. Total immunization costs for 2006-2015 are estimated at US

Strategies for financial sustainability of immunization programs: a review of the strategies from 50 national immunization program financial sustainability plans.

35 (range US

Integration of vaccine supply chains with other health commodity supply chains: a framework for decision making.

13-40) billion; of this, US

Reducing the loss of vaccines from accidental freezing in the cold chain: the experience of continuous temperature monitoring in Tunisia.

16.2 billion are incremental costs, comprised of US