Patrick Michel

a one-pot procedure for the synthesis of alkynes and bromoalkynes from aldehydes.

Abstract Alkynes R-CCH were obtained in good yield through a one-pot procedure by a sequence of reactions starting from a Wittig-type condensation of the aldehydes RCHO with the ylide derived from dibromomethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide 5. The same reactions could also be used to prepare the intermediate dibromoalkenes RCHCBr2, and in certain cases, the bromoalkynes R-CCBr.

A one-pot procedure for the synthesis of iodoalkynes from aldehydes

Abstract Iodoalkynes RCCI were obtained in good yield through a one-pot procedure by reaction of the aldehydes RCHO with diiodomethyltriphenylphosphorane first generated in situ from iodoform, triphenylphosphine and t -BuOK.

Légitimation et régulation étatique de la religion dans les systèmes de type soviétique: L'exemple du catholicisme en Pologne, Tchécoslovaquie et Hongrie

For the legitimation of the “soviet project” the suppression of religion was necessary. But the project has had to undergo a number of revisions as it has been unable to eliminate religion, and the authorities who have been attempting to make use of it have entered into a complex relationship with the Churches. Some of the Churches have compromised themselves; others have gained prestige from the collaboration, thus contributing to a triple process of de-alienation, de-totalization and de-sovietization. Those in authority have been unable to control the consequences of their manipulative efforts; the religious sphere has lost its autonomy by becoming diluted in the political field where it is contributing to the task of restructuring. By establishing itself as a privileged institution religion has gained the chance of challenging the system. By doing so, the soviettype system has created a new way of “recharging” the religious through the political. However, the institutionalization of the Churches, legally recognized and politically encouraged by the authorities, is unable to conceal the capacity of religiosity to escape the confines of officialdom, where the state can exercise control. Instead, the religiosity emerges elsewhere, articulating itself in social and political spheres. It attempts, moreover, independently to create these spheres by reconstituting the social fabric and redefining the political scene.

TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF ()-QUINOLIZIDINE 207I, AN ALKALOID FROM MANTELLA BARONI, A MADAGASCAN MANTELLINE FROG

The first synthesis of quinolizidine 207I was achieved by a totally stereocontrolled approach starting from a 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivative, thus establishing the exceptional axial stereochemistry of the ethyl group at position 1.

Internationalisation, conscience nationale, religion

The collapse of communism has led, if not to an actual transition to a world in which everything is experienced as relative, then at least to a greater awareness of already living in such a world. Contemporary societies were not prepared for this and feel cast adrift. The so-called transition period ushered in by this collapse is marked by a threefold crisis, analysable as the manifestation of the global redistribution of a relation to meaning, affecting centrality, identity and mediation and testifying to a revelation of the relation of believing through the truth of believing. What is at work here, and what forces us to set aside our traditional categories of analysis, is, beyond the difficulty of expressing a relationship to movement and pluralism (the religious being constantly called upon to participate in the management of this expression), the pursuit of a long process of disenchantment with politics. The lack of a plausible politics in this perspective explains the recourse to religious categories (secularized or not) and the use of these categories in an identitary thematic.

Religion, politique et monde(s) en mouvement

C‘est sous le double signe du mouvement et de l’incertitude, pour reprendre les categories de Balandier, qu’un monde prenant de plus en plus conscience de son caractere globalise s’eprouve travaille par des logiques tout aussi plurielles que contradictoires. Et c’est a ce mouvement, a l’origine de l’incertitude, et a cette incertitude, qui a son tour nourrit et informe le mouvement, que sont a referer les emplois et reemplois du religieux dont le contemporain est le theâtre. Si ces emplois e...

Institution catholique et intégrisme en Pologne

At the Second Vatican Council, the Polish ex-primate, Cardi nal Wyszynski, spoke out against the introduction of the liturgy in the vernacular language, and went so far as to say that medieval latin was part of the traditions of the Polish people. A very popu lar Marian cult, the frequent wearing of clerical dress, if we just limit ourselves to outer appearances, make the Polish Catholic Church look like a citadel of conservatism.