Patrick Sadoghi

Revision surgery after total joint arthroplasty: a complication-based analysis using worldwide arthroplasty registers.

The authors performed a complication-based analysis of total knee (TKA), total hip (THA), and total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) using worldwide arthroplasty registers. We extracted data with respect to reason for revision surgery and pooled causes. The most common causes for revisions in THA were aseptic loosening (55.2%), dislocation (11.8 %), septic loosening (7.5%), periprosthetic fractures (6%), and others. The most common causes in TKA were aseptic loosening (29.8%), septic loosening (14.8%), pain (9.5%), wear (8.2%), and others. The most common causes in TAA were aseptic loosening (38%), technical errors (15%), pain (12%), septic loosening (9.8%), and others. Revisions in TKA and THA differ with respect to type of complication. However, in case of TAA, higher rates of technically related complications are reported.

The Effect of Platelet Concentrates on Graft Maturation and Graft-Bone Interface Healing in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Human Patients: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials

PURPOSE To systematically review the current evidence for the effects of platelet concentrates on (1) graft maturation and (2) graft-bone interface healing in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in human, controlled trials and for ensuing differences in clinical outcomes. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed for controlled trials of human ACL reconstruction with and without platelet concentrates. Data validity was assessed, and data were collected on graft maturation, graft-bone interface healing, and clinical outcome. RESULTS Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies reported on graft maturation with significantly better outcomes in the platelet groups in 4, and there were large differences in means in an additional 2 studies. Five studies reported on tunnel healing, and 4 found no difference between groups. Three studies assessed clinical outcome but found no differences, regardless of whether they had shown a beneficial effect (1 of 3) or no effect (2 of 3) of platelets on graft and tunnel healing. CONCLUSIONS The current best evidence suggests that the addition of platelet concentrates to ACL reconstruction may have a beneficial effect on graft maturation and could improve it by 20% to 30% on average, but with substantial variability. The most likely mode of action is that treatment with platelets accelerates graft repopulation and remodeling, and this interpretation is supported by the existing data and is biologically plausible. However, the current evidence also shows only a very limited influence of platelet concentrates on graft-bone interface healing and no significant difference in clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, systematic review of Level I, II, and III studies.

The role of platelets in the treatment of Achilles tendon injuries.

To systematically review the current in‐vivo evidence for the use of platelet‐concentrates (PRP) in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy and Achilles tendon ruptures in animal models and human applications. A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, CCTR, and CDSR was performed for animal and human studies on the effect of platelet‐concentrates in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy and ruptures using the terms “Achilles tendon and platelet.” The systematic search revealed a total of 149 papers. After excluding duplicates and cases of overlapping data, studies not focusing on in vivo evidence in terms of treatment or outcome, studies without any intervention, studies with unacceptable high attrition, one Chinese and one Swedish study, the remaining 14 manuscripts were included. The key finding of our study is evidence in support of a statistically significant effect of platelet concentrates in the treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures in vivo in animal models and human application, consistent with a medium to large sized effect. This effect is most likely attributable to fastened and enhanced scar tissue maturation. There was no evidence for a beneficial effect of platelets in Achilles tendinopathy.

Management of the infected shoulder prosthesis: a retrospective analysis and review of the literature

Experience with infected shoulder arthroplasty is limited. Treatment options are either one- or two-stage reimplantation, débridement with retention of the prosthesis, resection arthroplasty or arthrodesis. We retrospectively analysed ten patients with an infected shoulder prosthesis and evaluated the diagnostic and therapeutic management as well as the clinical outcome, assessed by the Constant score, Neer’s criteria and the mean abduction ability. We identified an infecting organism before surgery in nine patients. Four patients were treated by two-stage exchange reimplantation, five by resection arthroplasty and one underwent serial débridement combined with vacuum-irrigation therapy. Infection was eradicated in all patients of this series. The mean Constant score in resected patients was 32.7, in patients treated by stage exchange 40.1 (no difference) and we measured 90 points in the patient with retention of the implant. In patients treated by resection arthroplasty, merely the mean abduction yielded a better result (63 vs 31°) than in patients treated by two-stage exchange—with the pain level being identical in both groups. Treatment of infected shoulder implants in patients who often have to deal with concomitant diseases remains unsatisfactory. Two-stage exchange procedures yielded only slightly better functional results than resection arthroplasty, which should be considered in cases of elderly or chronically ill patients because it offers good pain relief. Serial débridement combined with irrigation therapy is a new method which offers good clinical results, however with an unknown risk of persisting infection. The authors recommend isolating the infecting organism prior to surgery to allow the administration of organism-specific antibiotics as early as possible during surgery in order to efficiently eradicate the infection.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Reduces Retear Rates After Arthroscopic Repair of Small- and Medium-Sized Rotator Cuff Tears but Is Not Cost-Effective

Background: It has been suggested that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) improves healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The current literature provides ample but inconsistent data on this topic. Purpose: To systematically review the current in vivo evidence for the use of platelet concentrates (PRP) in the arthroscopic treatment of rotator cuff tears to assess effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Study Design: Meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods: Published evidence from controlled, human trials of rotator cuff repair augmented with platelet concentrates was systematically gathered, and data on retear rates were extracted. Mathematical and clinical heterogeneity was evaluated, and fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the risk ratio (RR) of retears and the number needed to treat (NNT). Subgroup analyses were made for small/medium tears (n = 404) and large/massive tears (n = 374). Cost-effectiveness was assessed using data from this meta-analysis and using cost data from the literature, including extensive sensitivity analyses, to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: Thirteen studies published between 2010 and 2014 were identified for analysis. The RR for retear for all patients was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.67-1.12; P = .286). For small- and medium-sized tears (<3 cm), the RR for retear was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.37-0.97), consistent with a significant difference in favor of PRP use (P = .038). This translated into an NNT of 14 (95% CI, 7-125). However, at an ICER of US

Rates of Radiolucency and Loosening After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty with Pegged or Keeled Glenoid Components

127,893 per quality-adjusted life year gained, assuming a 5% revision rate, the use of PRP was not cost-effective for small- and medium-sized tears. Conclusion: In large tears, even with double-row repair, the beneficial effects of PRP alone are insufficient to compensate the progressed tissue damage. The study data suggest that PRP may promote healing of small- and medium-sized tears to reduce retear rates. However, despite the substantial biological effect, at current cost, the use of PRP is not cost-effective in arthroscopic repair of small- and medium-sized tears.

Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Biologic Activity of the Human Rotator-Cuff Fibroblasts: A Controlled In Vitro Study

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis of the effect of glenoid design on radiolucency, loosening, and revision after total shoulder arthroplasty. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL with use of a search for the terms arthroplasty AND shoulder AND (peg OR keel). Data on study design and on the end points of radiolucency, loosening, and revision were extracted independently and in duplicate. Random-effect models were used to calculate the pooled risk ratio and risk difference. The risk difference was used to estimate the number needed to treat (the number of individuals who would have to receive a pegged component to avoid one loosening or revision). RESULTS Eight studies with a total of 1460 patients (mean age, sixty-seven years) were included. The mean study quality was 1.75 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 2.24) on the 3-point modified Jadad scale. There was no significant difference in the risk of any radiolucency (risk ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.12 to 1.42) or in the risk of severe radiolucency (risk ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.23 to 1.82) between pegged and keeled components. The pooled risk ratio for revision was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.88) in favor of pegged components (p = 0.028). At a cost-effectiveness threshold of

Cellular reactions to biodegradable magnesium alloys on human growth plate chondrocytes and osteoblasts

50,000 per quality-adjusted life year, pegged components can be between

Metal ion levels in large-diameter total hip and resurfacing hip arthroplasty-Preliminary results of a prospective five year study after two years of follow-up

2325 and

The incidence of implant fractures after total hip arthroplasty

40,920 more expensive than keeled components and still be cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS Our study produced evidence that pegged glenoid components were associated with a lower revision risk compared with keeled components. However, the difference was rather small and will therefore be most meaningful to high-volume shoulder arthroplasty centers. Because of the similarity between primary and secondary costs, pegged glenoid designs were more cost-effective than keeled glenoid designs.