Paul Bagguley

Citizenship, Ethnicity and Identity British Pakistanis after the 2001 ‘Riots’

There have been few studies of citizenship as an identity. This article explores citizenship as an identity among British Pakistanis in Bradford after the ‘riot’ in 2001, using qualitative data. The 2001 ‘riots’, the political successes of the British National Party and the events after September 11 pushed British-Pakistani Muslims into the forefront of national political conflicts around citizenship, national identity and allegiance to the state. Through the analysis of interviews with both first- and second-generation British Pakistanis we examine how citizenship as a mode of identity is contextualized by them in relation to national identity, Islam and ethnicity. We identify the two generations’ different ‘citizenship identities’. The second generation have a strong British identity as ‘British citizens’ with the ‘natural rights’ of a British-born citizen. In contrast the first-generation migrants from Pakistan express identities as ‘denizens’, living but not belonging in a foreign country, who remain because their children are now ‘British’.

Contemporary British Feminism: A social movement in abeyance?

This paper addresses the issue of social movement abeyance in relation to contemporary British feminism. It argues that currently British feminism is a social movement in abeyance that is not actively confronting the social system, and is largely preoccupied with maintaining itself through service providing voluntary organizations, educational and intellectual activities and incorporation into elite politics. The analysis of abeyance is also developed at the conceptual level by adding further detail to how we might theorize abeyance by contrasting it with the insurgent phase of social movement activity.

Gender and labour flexibility in hotel and catering.

This article examines both conceptually and empirically the relationship between gender divisions in the hotel and catering sector and functional and numerical flexibility. The debate concerning the ‘flexible firm’ thesis is critically discussed, and it is found, despite certain conceptual flaws, to be heuristically useful in emphasising the previously neglected phenomena of functional and numerical flexibility. The article then shows how these two aspects of flexibility are bound up with gender relations through an historical analysis of the emergence of flexibility in the hotel and catering sector during the 1960s and 1970s.

Social Change, the middle class and the emergence of ‘new social movements’: a critical analysis

Most recent analyses of New Social Movements (NSMs) by British sociologists have concentrated on broad social changes or the middle classes as the key explanatory factors. This paper criticizes recent contributions to the analysis of NSMs which emphasize the development of ‘post-Fordism’ and ‘disorganized capitalism’, and recent attempts to understand NSMs as a reflection of ‘middle class’ interests or values. An alternative theoretical approach is outlined which places at the centre of the analysis the social relations in which NSMs are grounded, and which NSMs seek to transform. In this alternative account the middle classes play the role of ‘traditional intellectuals’, that is, they provide the key social resources for mobilization of NSMs and all social movements.

The patriarchal restructuring of gender segregation: a case study of the hotel and catering industry.

This paper considers recent debates around patriarchy and gender segregation in paid employment. I argue that there are significant problems concerning a lack of attention to the forms of mobilization of patriarchal forces. Most analyses using the concept of patriarchy to explain gender segregation have used those empirical examples where men are organized in trade unions or professional associations. They have no way of explaining segregation in those cases where such organizations are absent. Using a case study of the hotel and catering industry between 1951 and 1981, I show that it is necessary to distinguish functional, hierarchical and industrial forms of segregation, rather than simply horizontal and vertical forms. I also develop concepts of the different organizational resources that patriarchal mobilization may draw upon in order to explain those cases where unions and professional organizations are absent.

Transforming Politics: Power and Resistance

Politics transform and can be transformed; transforming politics is the theme that runs through the contributions to this collection. Twenty-five years ago a book such as this might have been preoccupied with questions such as neo-marxist state theory, general theories of power, and analyses of political behaviour restricted to voting patterns. Much of this would probably have been preoccupied with class-based power and resistance. While questions of the relationship of politics, political transformation, power and resistance are of recurrent importance in most, perhaps all, societies, they have a special relevance within contemporary British society and contemporary sociological analysis. The social divisions and political questions that run through this book reflect the major changes to the social, intellectual and sociological landscapes that have occurred since the 1970s. These changes in turn show the intellectual and social impact of social movements, even though in recent years the peaks of mobilisation may have passed for the moment. Class is no longer the central ‘independent variable’ of British sociological analysis, and this is reflected in this collection where questions of gender, sexuality, ethnicity and the environment loom large. Often these are grouped together as questions of ‘identity politics’ or ‘new social movements’. However, this collection is not limited to these dimensions.

Negotiating Mobility: South Asian Women and Higher Education:

Using qualitative and quantitative data, this article explains how South Asian women’s attendance at university in Britain went from being exceptional in the 1970s to routine in the present century. Focusing upon the reflexivity of young South Asian women around issues of education, subject choice, marriage and careers in relation to their parents and their communities offers a better understanding than currently dominant social capital explanations of South Asian educational success. We show that conceptualizing reflexivity in a variety of forms following Archer better accounts for the different educational trajectories at the intersection of relations of ethnicity, class, gender and religion. The educational and career outcomes and transformations entail complex forms of resistance, negotiation and compromise across intersecting identities. These developments are transforming class and gender relations within South Asian ethnicities.

Review Article: Beyond Political Sociology? Developments in the Sociology of Social Movements

Why is there no sociology of social movements in Britain? This is one of the recurrent topics of informal conversation among social movement scholars internationally. The books under review here illustrate the situation perfectly. Four of the texts are edited collections and only one of these (the collection edited by Maheu) has a substantial contribution from British sociologists. Indeed, across

Funny Looks: British Pakistanis' experiences after 7 July 2005

Abstract This article examines the experiences of British Pakistanis living in West Yorkshire after the 7 July bombings in London in 2005. Based on qualitative interviews conducted in the Beeston and Hyde Park areas of Leeds and the nearby town of Dewsbury in 2006, the article considers a number of important themes that have emerged since the bombings, including: locality and segregation, views about the London bombers, experiences of racism and Islamophobia, citizenship and identity.

Protest, poverty and power: a case study of the anti‐poll tax movement

In 1989–90 a regressive local tax, the Community Charge or poll tax as it became known, was introduced by the Conservative government. Its implementation was met by widespread sometimes violent protest, and a systematic campaign of non-payment. In response the tax Was replaced by the more progressive Council Tax. This paper considers the nature of the anti-poll tax protest. Its social base, forms of organisation and tactics are considered in relation to theoretical debates about new social movements and poor peoples movements.