Paul Gross

Action of P-Aminobenzenesulfonamide on Type III Pneumococcus Infections in Mice

Conclusions The oral administration of p-aminobenzenesulfonamide is capable of prolonging, and in some cases of saving, the lives of mice infected subcutaneously with approximately 10 minimal lethal doses of highly virulent Type 111 pneuniococci.†, ‡

Efficacy of p-Aminobenzenesulfonamide in Experimental Type III Pneumococcus Pneumonia of Rats

Conclusions P-aminobenzenesulfonamide therapy is effective in prolonging, and in many instances saving, the lives of rats infected intrabronchially with Type I11 pneumococci suspended in mucin.

Para-Aminobenzenesulfonamide Therapy in Experimental Type III Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Conclusion P-aminobenzenesulfonamide given orally to rats suffering from experimental Type III (“420” strain) pneumococcal pneumonia reduced the mortality and increased the survival-period. The effectiveness of this treatment varied inversely with the interval Ijetween infection and initial treatment, and with the magnitude of the infecting dose. The treated rats which succumbed showed less bacteremia and a lower incidence of peritonitis than the untreated ones which succumbed. The course and extent of the pneumonia was not appreciably affected. Treatment apparently enables many of the animals to survive the associated toxemia which is commonly fatal to similarly infected, but untreated, rats.

Sulfanilamide, Antipneumococcus Serum and Vitamin G Therapy in Type II Pneumococcal Pneumonia of Rats:

Conclusion 1. Sulfanilamide was at least as effective as specific antiserum, in the doses employed, in treating Type II pneumococcal rat pneumonia. A probable clinical application to similar human pneumonia is thereby suggested. 2. The combination of sulfanilamide and serum was no more effective than sulfanilamide alone. 3. Contrary to the observations in rabbits (Locke and Mellon), in rats Vitamin C alone, or in any combination tried, is ineffective.

Inhibition of Streptococcal Hemolysin by Sulfonamide Compounds

Conclusions Sulfanilamide causes a slight, almost negligible, inhibition of the hemolytic activity of streptococcal and staphylococcal hemotoxin. More marked inhibition of streptococcal hemolysin is produced by prontosil II, normal rabbit serum, rabbit Serum heated to 61°C., eosin, phenol, mercuric chloride, and sodium carbonate. The administration of sulfanilamide in vivo or its addition to serum in vitro does not enhance the inhibitory effect of rabbit serum upon streptococcal hemolysin. Prontosil I was found to have no inhibitory effect upon streptococcal hemolysin.

Chemotherapy of B. pertussis Infections of Mice

Conclusion Sulfanilamide, 4,4′-di- (acetylamino)-diphenylsulfone, and 4,4′-diaminobenzenesulfonanilide have no therapeutic value in the treatment of mice infected intraäbdominally with virulent B. pertussis.

Effect of Splenectomy on the Therapeutic Action of p-Amino-benzenesulfonamide on Mice Infected with Hemolytic Streptococcus

Conclusions 1. P-aminobenzenesulfonamide is capable of protecting splenectomized mice against fatal doses of highly virulent hemolytic streptococci. 2. The degree of protection observed in splenectomized mice was identical with that obtained with normal animals.

Chemotherapeutic Evaluation of Some N1- and N4-Heterocyclic Derivatives of Sulfanilamide

Conclusions 2-(Sulfanilamido)-5-ethyl-4-thiazolone (sulfaethyl-thiazolone) has less antistreptococcic activity and approximately the same antipneumococcic activity as sulfapyridine. Its antistaphylococcic activity is of the same order as that of sulfathiazole and sulfadiazine. Sulfadiazine produces urolithiasis medicamentosa capable of causing death by acute suppression of urine in mice and rats, whereas sulfaethylthiazolone is free of this defect, but may cause fatal anemia.

Chemotherapy of Pneumococcal (Type II) Meningitis in the Rat

Conclusions A cerebro-spinal meningitis due to a Type II pneumococcus has been produced in the rat. Oral treatment with sulfanilamide, instituted after this disease was well established, resulted in 73.3% cures; with 4,4-di-(acetylamino)-diphenylsulfone, 40% cures, and with no treatment, 100% fatality. It is quite evident that the sulfone compound was not as effective against this pneumococcal strain as sulfanilamide.

Chemotherapeutic Evaluation of Sulfanilamide and 2-(Sulfanilamido)-Pyridine in Type II Pneumococcal Infections in Mice and Rats

Conclusions The above experiments, more rigorous than those previously reported∗ because treatment was purposely withheld until infection was established and then conducted with equal doses of the 2 drugs, show 2-(sulfanilamido)-pyridine slightly superior to sulfanilamide in combatting Type II pneumococcal infections of less than 100 fatal doses in mice and rats.∗ These conclusions are based on survival values only.