Paul W. Hodge

Oxygen abundances in nearby dwarf irregular galaxies

Oxygen abundances are obtained by optical spectrophotometry of H II regions in seven nearby dwarf irregular galaxies. All of these yield oxygen abundances of less than 1/10 of the solar value, and most are in the range of 3-5 percent of the solar value. This suggests that observations of nearby dwarf galaxies may provide an effective means for studying the chemical evolution of low-mass galaxies and, possibly, the primordial helium abundance. A strong correlation is found between the oxygen abundances and absolute magnitudes for nearby irregular galaxies. This correlation will be useful for estimating abundances of irregular galaxies without observable H II regions, and possibly as a distance indicator for irregular galaxies with known abundances. It is inferred from this relationship that infall is no more important in irregular galaxies with extremely large H I halos than in typical irregular galaxies. 72 refs.

The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury

The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury (ANGST) is a systematic survey to establish a legacy of uniform multi-color photometry of resolved stars for a volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies (D 14 million stars. In this paper we present the details of the sample selection, imaging, data reduction, and the resulting photometric catalogs, along with an analysis of the photometric uncertainties (systematic and random), for both ACS and WFPC2 imaging. We also present uniformly derived relative distances measured from the apparent magnitude of the TRGB.

The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure ?;??

We present Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 images of the galaxies NGC 2366, NGC 2976, NGC 4236, IC 2574, DDO 53, DDO 82, DDO 165, Holmberg I, Holmberg II, Holmberg IX, K52, K73, BK3N, Garland, and A0952+69 in the M 81 complex. Their true distance moduli, derived from the brightness of the tip of the red giant branch, lie in the range of 27: 52 (NGC 2366) to 28: 30 (DDO 165), with a median of 27: m 91, which is

THE PANCHROMATIC HUBBLE ANDROMEDA TREASURY

The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury is an ongoing Hubble Space Telescope Multi-Cycle Treasury program to image ~1/3 of M31s star-forming disk in six filters, spanning from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR). We use the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) to resolve the galaxy into millions of individual stars with projected radii from 0 to 20 kpc. The full survey will cover a contiguous 0.5 deg^(2)area in 828 orbits. Imaging is being obtained in the F275W and F336W filters on the WFC3/UVIS camera, F475W and F814W on ACS/WFC, and F110W and F160W on WFC3/IR. The resulting wavelength coverage gives excellent constraints on stellar temperature, bolometric luminosity, and extinction for most spectral types. The data produce photometry with a signal-to-noise ratio of 4 at m F_(275W) = 25.1, m_(F336W) = 24.9, m_(F475W) = 27.9, m_(F814W) = 27.1, m_(F110W) = 25.5, and m_(F160W) = 24.6 for single pointings in the uncrowded outer disk; in the inner disk, however, the optical and NIR data are crowding limited, and the deepest reliable magnitudes are up to 5 mag brighter. Observations are carried out in two orbits per pointing, split between WFC3/UVIS and WFC3/IR cameras in primary mode, with ACS/WFC run in parallel. All pointings are dithered to produce Nyquist-sampled images in F475W, F814W, and F160W. We describe the observing strategy, photometry, astrometry, and data products available for the survey, along with extensive testing of photometric stability, crowding errors, spatially dependent photometric biases, and telescope pointing control. We also report on initial fits to the structure of M31s disk, derived from the density of red giant branch stars, in a way that is independent of assumed mass-to-light ratios and is robust to variations in dust extinction. These fits also show that the 10 kpc ring is not just a region of enhanced recent star formation, but is instead a dynamical structure containing a significant overdensity of stars with ages >1 Gyr.

Distances to nearby galaxies in Sculptor

We present an analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 images of nine nearby galaxies in Sculptor. We derive their distances from the luminosity of the tip of the red giant branch stars with a typical accuracy of ∼12%. Their distances are 4.21 Mpc (Sc 22), 4.92 Mpc (DDO 226), 3.94 Mpc (NGC 253), 3.40 Mpc (KDG 2), 3.34 Mpc (DDO 6), 3.42 Mpc (ESO 540-030), 4.43 Mpc (ESO 245-05), 4.27 Mpc (UGCA 442), and 3.91 Mpc (NGC 7793). The galaxies are concentrated in several spatially separated loose groups around NGC 300, NGC 253, and NGC 7793. The Sculptor galaxy complex together with the CVn I cloud and the Local Group form a 10 Mpc filament, apparently driven by the free Hubble flow.

New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group

We present Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 images of seventeen dwarf galaxies in the Centaurus A group. Their distances derived from the magnitudes of the tip of the red giant branch are 5.2 Mpc (KK112),

Local galaxy flows within 5 Mpc

We present Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 images of sixteen dwarf galaxies as part of our snapshot survey of nearby galaxy candidates. We derive their distances from the luminosity of the tip of the red giant branch stars with a typical

Old Stellar Populations of the Small Magellanic Cloud

We present WFPC2 and ground-based VI photometry of NGC 121 and a nearby field in the outer SMC. For NGC 121, we measure a true distance modulus of μ0 = 18.96 ± 0.04 (distance of 61.9 ± 1.1 kpc), age of 10.6 ± 0.5 Gyr, metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.03 ± 0.06, and initial mass of 4.1 ± 0.4 × 105 M☉, assuming a Salpeter IMF with lower cutoff at 0.1 M☉. In the outer SMC field, we find evidence of stars covering a wide range of ages—from 2 Gyr to at least 9-12 Gyr old. We have measured the distance, extinction, and star formation history (past star formation rates and enrichment history) using a CMD-fitting algorithm. The distance modulus of the SMC is measured to be μ0 = 18.88 ± 0.08, corresponding to a distance of 59.7 ± 2.2 kpc. The overall star formation rate appears to have been relatively constant over this period, although there may be small gaps in the star-forming activity too small to be resolved. The lack of current star-forming activity is a selection effect, as the field was intentionally chosen to avoid recent activity. The mean metallicity of this field has increased from an average of [Fe/H] = -1.3 ± 0.3 for stars older than 8 Gyr to [Fe/H] = -0.7 ± 0.2 in the past 3 Gyr.

Giant Shells and Stellar Arcs as Relics of Gamma-Ray Burst Explosions

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) explosions are powerful and frequent enough to make kiloparsec-size shells and holes in the interstellar media of spiral and irregular galaxies. The observations of such remnants are summarized. Several observed shells contain no obvious central star clusters and could be GRB remnants, but sufficiently old clusters, which could have formed these shells by supernovae and winds, might be hard to detect.

Nebular abundances of nearby southern dwarf galaxies

The results of optical spectroscopy of H II regions in a sample of southern dwarf irregulars consisting of five dwarf galaxies in the Centaurus A group, four dwarfs in the Sculptor group, and eight additional dwarf galaxies are presented. Oxygen abundances are derived using the direct method where (O III)λ4363 is detected; otherwise, abundances are derived with the bright-line method using the McGaugh and the Pilyugin calibrations. ESO358−G060 has the lowest oxygen abun- dance (12+log(O/H) = 7.32) in the sample, which is comparable to the value for the second most metal-poor galaxy known (SBS 0335−052). In all, new oxygen abundances are reported for nine dwarf galaxies; updated values are presented for the remaining galaxies. Derived oxygen abundances are in the range from 3% to 26% of the solar value. Oxygen abundances for dwarfs in the southern sample are consistent with the metallicity-luminosity relationship defined by a control sample of dwarf irregulars with (O III)λ4363 abundances and well-measured distances. However, NGC 5264 appears to have an (upper branch) oxygen abundance approximately two to three times higher than other dwarfs at similar luminosities. Nitrogen-to-oxygen and neon-to-oxygen abundance ratios are also reported; in particular, IC 1613 and IC 5152 show elevated nitrogen-to-oxygen ratios for their oxygen abundances.