Paulo Afonso Granjeiro

Purification, partial characterization and antimicrobial activity of Lectin from Chenopodium Quinoa seeds

A novel lectin was isolated from the seeds of Chenopodium quinoa. To achieve this end, the crude extract from the quinoa was submitted to two purification steps, Sephadex G50 and Mono Q. The hemagglutinating activity showed that this lectin agglutinates human erythrocytes. Its activity is inhibited by glucose and mannose, and remained stable under a wide range of pH levels and temperatures. The quinoa lectin was found to be a heterodimeric lectin of approximately 60 kDa, consisting of two subunits of approximately 25 kDa and 35 kDa. This lectin had its antimicrobial activity tested against several bacteria strains and effectively inhibited three strains. These strains were all Gram-negative, making this lectin a promising antimicrobial tool.

Primary Structure of a Trypsin Inhibitor (Copaifera langsdorffii Trypsin Inhibitor-1) Obtained from C. langsdorffii Seeds.

In this study, the aim was to determine the complete sequence of the Copaifera langsdorffii trypsin inhibitor (CTI)-1 using 2-dimensional (2D)-PAGE, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), and quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) spectrometry. Spots A (CTI-1) and F (CTI-2) were submitted to enzymatic digestions with trypsin, SV8, and clostripain. The accurate mass of the peptide obtained from each digest was determined by mass spectrometry (MS) using MALDI-TOF. The most abundant peptides were purified and sequenced in a liquid chromatograph connected to an electrospray ionization-QTOF MS. When the purified trypsin inhibitor was submitted to 2D electrophoresis, different spots were observed, suggesting that the protein is composed of 2 subunits with microheterogeneity. Isoelectric points of 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0 were determined for the 11 kDa subunit and of 4.7, 4.6, and 4.3 for the 9 kDa subunit. The primary structure of CTI-1, determined from the mass of the peptide of the enzymatic digestions and the sequence obtained by MS, indicated 180 shared amino acid residues and a high degree of similarity with other Kunitz (KTI)-type inhibitors. The peptide also contained an Arg residue at the reactive site position. Its 3-dimensional structure revealed that this is because the structural discrepancies do not affect the canonical conformation of the reactive loop of the peptide. Results demonstrate that a detailed investigation of the structural particularities of CTI-1 could provide a better understanding of the mechanism of action of these proteins, as well as clarify its biologic function in the seeds. CTI-1 belongs to the KTI family and is composed of 2 polypeptide chains and only 1 disulfide bridge.

Extraction, purification and characterization of inhibitor of trypsin from Chenopodium quinoa seeds

A novel trypsin inhibitor of protease (CqTI) was purified from Chenopodium quinoa seeds. The optimal extracting solvent was 0.1M NaCl pH 6.8 (p < 0.05). The extraction time of 5h and 90 °C was optimum for the recovery of the trypsin inhibitor from C. quinoa seeds. The purification occurred in gel-filtration and reverse phase chromatography. CqTI presented active against commercial bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin and had a specific activity of 5,033.00 (TIU/mg), which was purified to 333.5-fold. The extent of purification was determined by SDS-PAGE. CqTI had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 12KDa and two bands in reduced conditions as determined by Tricine-SDS-PAGE. MALDI-TOF showed two peaks in 4,246.5 and 7,908.18m/z. CqTI presented high levels of essential amino acids. N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein did not show similarity to any known protease inhibitor. Its activity was stable over a pH range (2-12), temperatures range (20-100 °C) and reducing agents.

Prevalencia de polimorfismos en los genes ANKK1, DRD2, DRD3 y síndrome metabólico en la esquizofrenia refractária

Objetivo: estimar a prevalencia dos polimorfismos TaqIA, -141C e rs6280 dos genes ANKK1, DRD2 e DRD3 e avaliar sua associacao com a ocorrencia de sindrome metabolica em pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria. Metodo: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado na Regiao Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais, que incluiu pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria em uso do antipsicotico clozapina. Foram coletados dados sociodemograficos, clinicos, antropometricos, bioquimicos e geneticos. Realizou-se analise univariada dos dados. Resultados: participaram 72 pacientes e observou-se a ocorrencia de Sindrome Metabolica em 47,2%, nao sendo encontrada associacao da Sindrome Metabolica com os polimorfismos estudados. Houve diferenca estatisticamente significante com o parâmetro do baixo HDL com genotipo homozigoto para alelo C do polimorfismo -141C do gene DRD2. Conclusao: evidenciou-se prevalencia de SM elevada. O polimorfismo -141C associou-se ao baixo HDL. A analise genetica e a identificacao de alteracoes metabolicas, neste grupo de pacientes, podem nortear o tratamento medicamentoso e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida.ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of TaqIA, -141C and rs6280 polymorphisms of the ANKK1, DRD2 and DRD3 genes and evaluate their association with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with refractory schizophrenia. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in the Extended Western Region of Minas Gerais, with refractory schizophrenic patients using the antipsychotic clozapine. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and genetic data were collected. Univariate analysis of the data was performed. Results: seventy-two patients participated in the study and the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome was observed in 47.2% of them. There was no association between Metabolic Syndrome and the studied polymorphisms. There was a statistically significant difference in the low HDL parameter with homozygous genotype for the C allele of the -141C polymorphism of the DRD2 gene. Conclusion: a high prevalence of MS was evidenced. The -141C polymorphism was associated with low HDL. Genetic analysis and identification of metabolic alterations in this group of patients can guide drug treatment and provide a better quality of life.

Prevalence of polymorphisms in the ANKK1, DRD2, DRD3 genes and metabolic syndrome in refractory schizophrenia

Objetivo: estimar a prevalencia dos polimorfismos TaqIA, -141C e rs6280 dos genes ANKK1, DRD2 e DRD3 e avaliar sua associacao com a ocorrencia de sindrome metabolica em pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria. Metodo: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado na Regiao Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais, que incluiu pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria em uso do antipsicotico clozapina. Foram coletados dados sociodemograficos, clinicos, antropometricos, bioquimicos e geneticos. Realizou-se analise univariada dos dados. Resultados: participaram 72 pacientes e observou-se a ocorrencia de Sindrome Metabolica em 47,2%, nao sendo encontrada associacao da Sindrome Metabolica com os polimorfismos estudados. Houve diferenca estatisticamente significante com o parâmetro do baixo HDL com genotipo homozigoto para alelo C do polimorfismo -141C do gene DRD2. Conclusao: evidenciou-se prevalencia de SM elevada. O polimorfismo -141C associou-se ao baixo HDL. A analise genetica e a identificacao de alteracoes metabolicas, neste grupo de pacientes, podem nortear o tratamento medicamentoso e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida.ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of TaqIA, -141C and rs6280 polymorphisms of the ANKK1, DRD2 and DRD3 genes and evaluate their association with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with refractory schizophrenia. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in the Extended Western Region of Minas Gerais, with refractory schizophrenic patients using the antipsychotic clozapine. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and genetic data were collected. Univariate analysis of the data was performed. Results: seventy-two patients participated in the study and the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome was observed in 47.2% of them. There was no association between Metabolic Syndrome and the studied polymorphisms. There was a statistically significant difference in the low HDL parameter with homozygous genotype for the C allele of the -141C polymorphism of the DRD2 gene. Conclusion: a high prevalence of MS was evidenced. The -141C polymorphism was associated with low HDL. Genetic analysis and identification of metabolic alterations in this group of patients can guide drug treatment and provide a better quality of life.

Prevalência de polimorfismos nos genes ANKK1, DRD2, DRD3 e síndrome metabólica na esquizofrenia refratária

Objetivo: estimar a prevalencia dos polimorfismos TaqIA, -141C e rs6280 dos genes ANKK1, DRD2 e DRD3 e avaliar sua associacao com a ocorrencia de sindrome metabolica em pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria. Metodo: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado na Regiao Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais, que incluiu pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria em uso do antipsicotico clozapina. Foram coletados dados sociodemograficos, clinicos, antropometricos, bioquimicos e geneticos. Realizou-se analise univariada dos dados. Resultados: participaram 72 pacientes e observou-se a ocorrencia de Sindrome Metabolica em 47,2%, nao sendo encontrada associacao da Sindrome Metabolica com os polimorfismos estudados. Houve diferenca estatisticamente significante com o parâmetro do baixo HDL com genotipo homozigoto para alelo C do polimorfismo -141C do gene DRD2. Conclusao: evidenciou-se prevalencia de SM elevada. O polimorfismo -141C associou-se ao baixo HDL. A analise genetica e a identificacao de alteracoes metabolicas, neste grupo de pacientes, podem nortear o tratamento medicamentoso e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida.ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of TaqIA, -141C and rs6280 polymorphisms of the ANKK1, DRD2 and DRD3 genes and evaluate their association with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with refractory schizophrenia. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in the Extended Western Region of Minas Gerais, with refractory schizophrenic patients using the antipsychotic clozapine. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and genetic data were collected. Univariate analysis of the data was performed. Results: seventy-two patients participated in the study and the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome was observed in 47.2% of them. There was no association between Metabolic Syndrome and the studied polymorphisms. There was a statistically significant difference in the low HDL parameter with homozygous genotype for the C allele of the -141C polymorphism of the DRD2 gene. Conclusion: a high prevalence of MS was evidenced. The -141C polymorphism was associated with low HDL. Genetic analysis and identification of metabolic alterations in this group of patients can guide drug treatment and provide a better quality of life.

Frequency of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents from public schools of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil, according to three international diagnostic criteria

Aims: To assess the frequency of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents according to three international diagnostic criteria determining the level of agreement between these different criteria. Methods: Waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were evaluated in students from public schools of different regions of Divinopolis, MG, Brazil. Children and adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years were selected. Criteria adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO), National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATPIII), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) were used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the level of agreement among the three criteria. Results: The study evaluated 202 students (86 boys and 116 girls). The frequency of metabolic syndrome was 1.16% for boys and none of the girls presented with metabolic syndrome, according to WHO criteria. According to the NCEP/ATPIII and IDF criteria, metabolic syndrome was not detected in the studied sample. Low blood levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was the most frequent metabolic alteration in all teenagers according to the NCEP/ATPIII and IDF criteria, while body mass index was the most frequent one according to WHO criteria. The level of agreement for one altered parameter was poor when comparing WHO and NCEP/ATP/III, moderate when comparing WHO and IDF and high when comparing the NCEP/ATP/III and IDF criteria. Conclusions: Significant differences between the frequencies of individual metabolic syndrome parameters were found in the studied sample of children and adolescents, depending on the criteria used. According to WHO criteria, metabolic syndrome was found at a low frequency and only in boys, while the NCEP/ATPIII and IDF criteria did not diagnose metabolic syndrome. The present findings suggest the need to reach a consensus on the cut-off points for risk factors and a single diagnostic definition of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.

Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em mulheres acima de 40 anos de Divinópolis-MG

0 0 1 227 1294 UFSJ 10 3 1518 14.0 Normal 0 false false false PT-BR JA X-NONE Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalencia da sindrome metabolica (SM) em mulheres com mais de 40 anos, comparando dois criterios internacionais. Metodos: Estudo descritivo transversal, de base populacional, envolvendo 93 mulheres, com idade entre 40 a 59 anos, acompanhadas em Unidades Basicas e Programas de Saude da Familia de Divinopolis-MG. Foram realizadas avaliacoes clinicas, antropometricas e bioquimicas. Para o diagnostico de SM foram empregados dois criterios internacionais: Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP/ATP III) e International Diabetes Federation (IDF), que utilizam a presenca de tres ou mais dos seguintes criterios alterados: circunferencia da cintura (CC), triglicerideos (TG), HDL, pressao arterial e glicemia. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 93 pacientes, 54 mulheres entre 40 a 49 anos (58,7%) e 39 entre 50 a 59 anos (41,3%). O parâmetro individual mais alterado foi CC para ambos os criterios. De acordo com NCEP/ATP III, 40,8% das participantes foram diagnosticadas com SM e 53.7% pelo IDF. Faixa etaria de 50-59 apresentou maior prevalencia de SM por ambos criterios. Demonstrou-se aumento de risco para SM com tabagismo, diabetes e hipertensao em ambos os criterios. Boa concordância entre os criterios da NCEP ATP III e IDF (k=0,74). Conclusao: IDF foi o criterio com maior prevalencia para SM, mas com boa concordância com o NCEP/ATPIII. Faixa etaria de 50-59 apresentou maior prevalencia de SM por ambos criterios quando comparados com faixa de 40-49 anos.