Paulo Costa de Oliveira Filho

Delineamento de copas de árvores em fotografias aéreas de alta resolução, através de suas sombras periféricas: estudo de caso na floresta ombrófila mista

This paper deals with the semi automatic delineation of crowns of trees on high resolution aerial photograph using their peripheral shadows. The study was carried out on 2 hectares of native Araucaria forest due to the avaliability of field data and the interpretation, in analogic and digital formats, of a 70 mm 1:1.000 high resolution aerial photograh . The methodology consisted in the transformation of the 3 original bands of the digital color photograph in only one, and then, through a threshold, the shadow component was separated from the other targets. From the results obtained, the main conclusions reached were: a) the shadows were due to the open areas on the forest among the branches and the crowns of the trees; b) the resultant image evidenced the inconsistency to delineate the crowns exclusively through their peripheral shadows; c) the inadequate result may be related to the type of natural forest and not to the technique itself; d) the used technique showed promising as an additional enhancement technique, and e) it is necessary to carry out more research in order to obtain conclusive results.

Determinação da rota ótima de transporte com auxílio de um sistema de informação geográfica

The objective of this work was to make a comparative analysis between the criteria of vehicle operational performance and lesser distance in the determination of the ideal route of forest road transportation, with aid of a geographic information system. Initially it was carried out the vector acquisition and the classification of a net of roads in a forest company. Subsequently, with aid of Spring software, version 4.0, there were conducted eight simulation of ideal route of transport, starting at different points romdomly located in the area of study and with a single destination. The results indicated that there is no significant difference of productivity and cost of transportation among the analyzed criteria. On the other hand, the results showed that the operational performance was the criteria most efficient in the determination of the ideal route of transport, proving the theory that not always the lesser distance is the most economic choice.

PADRÃO ESPACIAL DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS: ESTUDO DE CASO COM Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer

Distinction between generating mechanisms of the spatial patterns of forest species – case study with Ocotea odorifera . The objective of this research was the understanding of the processes and generating mechanisms of the spatial distribution of Ocotea odorifera , discriminating influences of the environment from those arising due to interactions between individuals. For this, coordinates from species trees were taken in a region of 25 hectares of Mixed Rain Forest (FOM) sampled in the National Forest (FLONA) of Irati. These data, described as a spatial point process, were evaluated by two Spatial Statistics techniques. Initially, a Kernel intensity estimator verified the global patterns of trees dispersion in the sampled region, and posteriorly, the non-homogeneous Ripley’s K function was used to study the local patterns. It was verified that the species clusters were localized in the highest areas of the sampled region, possibly in better drained soils. Furthermore, attraction was found amongst the species individuals, originating clusters in the largest scales analyzed, as shown by the non-homogeneous Ripley’s K function.

Análise da Influência do Uso da Terra no Microclima Urbano: Caso Irati-PR

The reduction of urban green areas and consequent increase of the built areas is one of the most widely discussed topics nowadays. Both the urban land use dynamics and the climate changes may prove relationships between different uses and land occupations and their consequences for the local microclimate. This paper presents an assessment of the land use influence in the urban climate in a small town. A total of 4 points covering the urban perimeter of Irati, Parana, with different occupations were selected and temperature and humidity variables obtained with use of adapted hygrometers in thermometric shelter in 4 different times for 4 days. The use of high resolution satellite images enabled the mapping of urban land use in catchment areas within a radius of 350 meters of pre-selected points. The results statistically showed that the use and occupation of land interfere with the climate variables obtained.

Análise da Influência do Uso da Terra no Microclima Urbano: Caso Irati-PR / Analysis of Land Use Influence in Urban Microclimate: Irati-PR Case

The reduction of urban green areas and consequent increase of the built areas is one of the most widely discussed topics nowadays. Both the urban land use dynamics and the climate changes may prove relationships between different uses and land occupations and their consequences for the local microclimate. This paper presents an assessment of the land use influence in the urban climate in a small town. A total of 4 points covering the urban perimeter of Irati, Parana, with different occupations were selected and temperature and humidity variables obtained with use of adapted hygrometers in thermometric shelter in 4 different times for 4 days. The use of high resolution satellite images enabled the mapping of urban land use in catchment areas within a radius of 350 meters of pre-selected points. The results statistically showed that the use and occupation of land interfere with the climate variables obtained.

MULTITEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE LAND USE AND LAND COVER OF THE ALAGADOS WATER SOURCE AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA IN PONTA GROSSA-PR

This study aimed the multitemporal analysis of land use and coverage of the water supply, Alagados and its surroundings (1 km range) in Ponta Grossa city over ten years (from 2001 to 2011). Especially attention was laid on the marginal areas (100 m range) of the permanentpreservation areas (PPA). As the major water suply source of Ponta Grossa city, deterioration of water quality of Alagados is threatened bythe misuse and disorderly occupation of its surroundings .We used satellite images of medium spatial resolution (30 meters) and the objectoriented image method preceded by the image segmentation as the classification techniques. The results showed that there was a significantreduction in the surface of the water surface in 13.43% (88.15 ha) in the period 2001 to 2011, which shows a high sedimentation processoccurred in certain areas of the reservoir. Changes were also detected in the PPA range domain (100 meters) surrounding the reservoir,confirming a degradation process due mainly to the increase buildings occupations and agricultural practices.

EXPERIÊNCIAS DIDÁTICAS NO ENSINO PRÁTICO DO GEOPROCESSAMENTO

This paper shows practical aspects of the teaching GeographicInformation System (GIS) in the Forest Enginnering Course at the UNICENTRO- Campus Irati, Parana State.The academic subject has been accepted very wellby the students, mainly due practical applications . Forty percent of the subjectis dedicated to practical classes, being either demonstrations classes or activitiesin computer laboratory. The demonstrations classes are toward practical forestrycases and in the laboratory classes the students carrying out activities usingreal collected data. The mentioned steps has provided better understandingfor the students about the meaning and importance of GIS in forestry. Thegotten results have been shown in the diverse applications that some pupilshave carried through in others discipline of the course, beyond works of basicresearch of scientific initiation.