Paulo Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva Câmara

Synopsis of the Brazilian moss flora: checklist, distribution and conservation

D.P. Costa1*, K.C. Porto2, A.P. Luizi-Ponzo3, A.L. Ilkiu-Borges4, C.J.P. Bastos5, P.E.A.S. Câmara6, D.F. Peralta7, S.B.V. Boas-Bastos5,9, C.A.A. Imbassahy8, D.K. Henriques9, H.C.S. Gomes3, L.M. Rocha3, N.D. Santos10, T.S. Siviero3, T.F. Vaz-Imbassahy8 and S.P. Churchill11 1 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Botânica, Rua Professor Moraes Rego s.n., 50670-901, PE 3 Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Campus Universitario Martelos, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG 4 Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Coordenacao de Botânica, Avenida Magalhaes Barata 376, Sao Braz, 66040-170, Belem, PA 5 Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-280, Salvador,BA 6 Universidade de Brasilia, Departamento de Botânica, Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro: Asa Norte, 70919-970, Brasilia, DF 7 Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, 04301-902, Sao Paulo, SP 8 Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, Sao Cristovao, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 9 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botânica, LABIO, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte. 44.036-900, Feira de Santana, BA 1 0 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, 13083-970, Campinas, SP 1 1 Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, USA, 63166-0299

Briófitas de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil

This survey lists 74 species of bryophytes from Manaus, Amazonas, namely, 41 species of mosses distributed in 24 genera and 15 families and 33 liverworts in 17 genera and seven families, of which, 17 species are new occurrences to Manaus. T. Ligulaefolium (Bartr.) Buck is new occurrence to Brazil. Associations with other bryophytes and comparison with other regions are presented.

Musgos pleurocárpicos das matas de galeria da Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, RECOR, Distrito Federal, Brasil

The IBGE Ecological reserve, located 35 km from downtown Brasilia, is one of the core areas of the Cerrado Biosphere Reserve created by UNESCO. This article lists 26 species of acrocarpous mosses representing 12 families. Bryaceae (five) was the most species-rich family. Four new occurrences for the Midwestern Region and three for the Distrito Federal are presented. Keys, comments, geographic distribution and diagnoses are provided.

Brazil’s mining code under attack: giant mining companies impose unprecedented risk to biodiversity

Brazil owns one of the largest biodiversity in the world. It has the largest area of tropical forests, the most biodiverse tropical savanna and is one of the countries that have experienced very significant economic growth during the twentieth Century and the beginning of the twenty-first Century. It is among the top ten economies of the world, largely based on environmental resources and commodities production. Two main environmental laws from 1960’s, the Forest Code and the Mining Code, have imposed restrictions to the use of natural resources by landholders and companies up to the 2010’s. In 2012, however, big companies and political lobbies have succeeded to change the Forest Code and are threatening the sibling Mining Code.

Musgos urbanos do recanto das Emas, Distrito Federal, Brasil

As a result of a disordered occupation of Distrito Federal, Recanto das Emas is one of the most recent cities that has been created around Brasilia, located at 25.8km from the Plano Piloto and founded in 1993, the city has an area of 101,476km2 with a todays population around 100.000 habitants. Several points of collect were chosen trying to cover all city and different areas. Very few specimens of Brioflora were found. Bryophyta has 10 species, distributed within seven families. The most representative is the family Bryaceae, with three species. Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. is the first occurrence to the Centro-Oeste region. The results is explained by the few years of existence of the city and the lack of substrata which has not allowed the establishment of a new vegetable covering.

A Review of Taxithelium Subgenus Taxithelium (Bryophyta, Pylaisiadelphaceae)

Abstract Taxithelium, a moss genus traditionally associated with Sematophyllaceae and characterized by the presence of multiple papillae over the cell lumina, is revised with a worldwide perspective. Taxithelium subgenus Taxithelium comprises eight species. Endemic species include one each from Brazil, Africa, and South America, four from southeast Asia, and one species that occurs in both Africa and South America. Typifications, keys, descriptions, and illustrations are provided.

A Re-Circumscription of the Moss Genus Taxithelium (Pylaisiadelphaceae) with a Taxonomic Revision of Subgenus Vernieri

Abstract The moss genus Taxithelium is reclassified into two subgenera: Taxithelium and Vernieri . The subgenus Vernieri can be distinguished from subgenus Taxithelium by the lanceolate leaves and filamentous pseudoparaphyllia in the former and ovate leaves plus foliose pseudoparaphyllia in the latter. The subgenus Vernieri is revised here and comprises eleven species; one from Africa, two from the Americas, and the remaining from Southeast Asia and Oceania. Keys, illustrations, and descriptions are provided.

Systematic position of the moss genus Trachyphyllum A.Gepp (Pylaisiadelphaceae) plus additions to its distribution in the Neotropics

Abstract Representatives of the genus Trachyphyllum are shown to form a monophyletic group. The presence of papillae at both ends of leaf cells, investigated here using SEM, is suggested as a possible synapomorphy. The position of the genus at the family level is discussed and changed to Pylaisiadelphaceae. In addition, the geographic distribution of Trachyphyllum in the New World is updated.

Identity and Origin of the Campylopus (Leucobryaceae, Bryopsida) Species from Trindade Island (Brazil)

Abstract Two species of Campylopus, C. fragiliformis and C. pilifer, were previously reported from Trindade Island, a Brazilian island situated in the South Atlantic Ocean around 1100 km off the coast of mainland Brazil. Phylogenetic inferences from sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and three plastid markers are consistent with the recognition of two Campylopus species on Trindade. However, the island populations of C. pilifer are nested among those of C. introflexus and those of C. fragiliformis among those of C. occultus. A re-investigation of morphological characters confirms that the populations from Trindade Island belong to these species. Based on phylogenetic relationships, both C. introflexus and C. occultus probably reached Trindade from continental South America. The colonization of Trindade by C. introflexus in particular might have been facilitated by the severe human impact on the original vegetation throughout the last five centuries.

A Molecular Phylogeny of the Moss Genus Taxithelium (Pylaisiadelphaceae) Based on Plastid, Mitochondrial and Nuclear Markers

Abstract To test infrageneric classification and species delimitation within the pantropical moss genus Taxithelium (Pylaisiadelphaceae), we constructed a molecular phylogeny using three chloroplast loci (trnL, psbT and rps4), three mitochondrial loci (rps3, nad5 and nad4–5) and the nuclear marker ho1. Analyses of each locus separately and in various combinations, all support the monophyly of Taxithelium. Two major clades corresponding to taxonomically recognized subgenera were resolved within the genus. The first clade is composed of at least five smaller groups, four of which only include Southeast Asian plants and one is from the Americas and Africa; the latter is nested within the Southeast Asian groups. The second group appears to have a Southeast Asian origin with two dispersal events into America. Taxithelium is highly variable morphologically and includes plants with pluripapillose leaf cells as well as plants that lack papillae. Our data show that species T. nepalense, T. leptosigmatum, T. concavum, T. instratum, T. lindbergii and T. isocladum are each demonstrably monophyletic. On the other hand, T. planum and T. kerianum as circumscribed today are polyphyletic. The ho1 nuclear locus is used for the first time, with promising results for moss phylogenetic investigation.