Paulo H. F. Lucinda

Systematics of the subfamily Poeciliinae Bonaparte (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), with an emphasis on the tribe Cnesterodontini Hubbs

Osteological and soft anatomical features of representatives of poeciliine genera were studied to test the monophyly of the poeciliine tribes and to advance a hypothesis of relationships within the subfamily. The resultant hypothesis supports the proposal of a new classification for the subfamily Poeciliinae. Diagnoses are provided for suprageneric clades. The tribe Tomeurini is resurrected and the new tribes Brachyrhaphini and Priapichthyini as well as the supertribe Poeciliini are described. New usages of old tribe names are proposed based on the phylogenetic framework.

Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species

The genus Phalloceros is revised. Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868) and twenty-one new species are recognized in Phalloceros. The species and their distributions are: P. alessandrae, small coastal drainages of the Parana State; P. anisophallos, small coastal drainages of the Rio de Janeiro State; P. aspilos, rio Parati-Mirim, Rio de Janeiro; P. buckupi, small coastal drainages of the Parana State; P. caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868), laguna dos Patos system, lower rio Uruguay, drainages of rio Tramandai, rio Mampituba and coastal drainages of Uruguay and Argentina; P. elachistos, rio Doce drainage and small coastal drainages of the Espirito Santo State; P. enneaktinos, corrego da Toca do Boi, Rio de Janeiro; P. harpagos, rio Parana-Paraguai basin and coastal drainages from Espirito Santo to Santa Catarina States; P. heptaktinos, rio Jacui drainage; P. leptokeras, middle portions of rio Paraiba do Sul drainage; P. leticiae, upper rio Araguaia; P. lucenorum, rio Juquia drainage; P. malabarbai, coastal drainage of the Santa Catarina State; P. megapolos, drainages of rio Sao Joao, rio Cubatao (North) and small adjacent drainages of the Parana State; P. mikrommatos, rio Joao de Tiba basin, a coastal drainage of the Bahia State; P. ocellatus, coastal drainages of the Bahia and Espirito Santo States; P. pellos, small coastal drainages of the Parana State; P. reisi, headwaters of rio Tiete, rio Paraiba do Sul, rio Ribeira de Iguape, and small coastal drainages of the Sao Paulo State; P. spiloura, coastal drainages of the Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina States; P. titthos, coastal drainages of the Parana State; P. tupinamba, rio Itamambuca and rio Macacu drainages, small coastal drainages of the Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro States, and P. uai, rio Sao Francisco basin. A lectotype for Girardinus caudimaculatus is designated. Diagnoses of intrageneric clades of Phalloceros are provided. Diagnoses and descriptions of distributions are provided for each species as well as a key for identification. Phylogenetic and biogeographical features of Phalloceros are discussed.

Systematics of the genus Cnesterodon Garman, 1895 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae)

, a new speciesfrom the rio Ribeira de Iguape, described herein, and a new species from the Rio Grande do Sul, being described by in a separat epaper. Diagnoses and distribution ranges are provided for each species as well as a key to identification of the species.Uma hipotese de relacoes filogeneticas e proposta para as especies de

Fish, Lajeado Reservoir, rio Tocantins drainage, State of Tocantins, Brazil

The Lajeado HR is the fourth hydroelectric power plant constructed in the rio Tocantins. The implementation of hydroelectric plants in the rio Tocantins basin is of high environmental concern because they may result in severe damage to the ichthyofauna. A species list of the area of influence of the Lajeado HR is provided, in the hope that it will contribute to the knowledge of this potentially threatened ichthyofauna. A few comments on the ichthyofauna of the rio Tocantins drainage are also provided.

Astyanaxelachylepis, a new characid fish from the rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil (Teleostei: Characidae)

A new characid species, Astyanax elachylepis, is described from the rio Tocantins drainage. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by possessing 48-53 perforated scales along the lateral line, a large caudal-peduncle spot, the presence of bony hooks on dorsal, anal, pelvic, and pectoral fins of males, one or two vertically-elongated humeral spots, one maxillary tooth, and 22-27 branched anal-fin rays.

Systematics and Biogeography of the Genus Phallotorynus Henn, 1916 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with Description of Three New Species

Abstract The genus Phallotorynus is revised and six species are recognized: P. fasciolatus, P. jucundus, P. victoriae, and three new species from the Paraná-Paraguay drainage, whose descriptions are provided. Phallotorynus dispilos, new species, can be distinguished from its congeners by its color pattern, the presence of sexually dimorphic teeth, and by a series of axial skeleton and gonopodium features. Phallotorynus psittakos, new species, can be autapomorphically diagnosed by a very large lateral process on base of fifth median anal-fin radial of adult males. Phallotorynus psittakos can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of several characters such as number of dorsal-fin rays, color pattern, number of epipleural ribs, and gonopodial rays. Phallotorynus pankalos, new species, can be distinguished from its congeners, except P. jucundus, by six to nine dark brown round spots along lower half of flanks and by densely pigmented dorsal fin. Phallotorynus pankalos can be distinguished from P. jucundus by the number of dorsal-fin rays, number of anal-fin rays on females, by the absence of a dark ring around border of anus in females, and by the presence of a dark brown band on lower jaw. Diagnoses of intrageneric clades of Phallotorynus and descriptions of distributions for each species are provided, as well as a key for identification.

A New Jenynsia Species (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes, Anablepidae) from Southern Brazil and its Phylogenetic Position

Abstract A new species of the genus Jenynsia from southern Brazil is described. The analyses of character states, primarily osteological, support the new species as belonging to the subgenus Plesiojenynsia. A new hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships for the genus, including the new taxon, is presented. The new species, from the Rio Iguaçu drainage in the Brazilian state of Paraná, is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: absence of mandibular canal pore W, long epiotic processes in adults, ten anal-fin rays, discontinuous midlateral and dorsolateral stripes formed by series of blotches on body, midlateral stripe discontinuous anterior to dorsal-fin origin, large third hypobranchial, and presence of teeth on fourth ceratobranchial of adults. Uma nova espécie do gênero Jenynsia do sul do Brasil é descrita. As análises de estados de caracteres, principalmente osteológicos, suportam a nova espécie como pertencente ao subgênero Plesiojenynsia. Apresenta-se uma nova hipótese de relações filogenéticas para o gênero, incluindo o novo táxon. A nova espécie, da bacia do Rio Iguaçu no Estado do Paraná, é diagnosticada pela seguinte combinação de caracteres: ausência do poro W do canal mandibular; processos epióticos longos nos adultos, dez raios na nadadeira anal; faixas dorso-lateral e mediano-lateral descontínuas e formadas por uma série de máculas nos flancos; faixa mediano-lateral descontínua anterior a origem da nadadeira dorsal; terceiro hipobranquial grande; e presença de dentes no quarto ceratobranquial dos adultos.

New Steindachnerina Species (Teleostei: Characiformes: Curimatidae) from the Rio Tocantins Drainage

Abstract A new species, Steindachnerina notograptos, is described from the middle portions of the Rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil. The possession of a small, fleshy, lobulate body situated on each side of the posterior limit of the medial fold of the buccopharyngeal complex is autapomorphic for S. notograptos. The combination of other aspects of the buccopharyngeal complex along with meristic and pigmentation features further distinguish the species from all of its congeners.

New Species of Jenynsia (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) from Southern Brazil and Its Phylogenetic Relationships

Abstract A new species of Jenynsia from southern Brazil is described. Jenynsia weitzmani n. sp. from the rio Pinheiros drainage in Santa Catarina state is diagnosed by a single dark midlateral stripe, absence of associated dark dorsolateral or ventrolateral stripes or blotches in adults, a terminal to slightly oblique mouth, and absence of the first mandibular-canal pore (pore W). A phylogenetic analysis of primarily osteological data supported the new species as sister to a group composed of J. eirmostigma and J. eigenmanni within the subgenus Plesiojenynsia. A key to Jenynsia species is provided.

Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloptychus Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae)

The genus Phalloptychus is revised. Phalloptychus iheringii is removed from the synonym of P. januarius. Three species are recognized: P. eigenmanni, P. januarius, and P. iheringii. Phalloptychus eigenmanni can be distinguished from its congeners by the number of pelvic-fin rays in females, the number of predorsal scales, and the predorsal distance in females. Phalloptychus iheringii and P. januarius can be distinguished by the number of epipleural ribs, number of gonopodial rays, and a significantly different number of vertical bars along body side in females. Lectotypes are designated for Girardinus iheringii and G. januarius. Redescriptions and known distribution ranges are provided for each species as well as an identification key. Derived features supportting the monophyly of the genus and infrageneric clades are presented and discussed. The biogeo-graphic implications of the geographic distribution of Phalloptychus species are discussed.