Paulo Oldemar Scherer

Comparison between the analgesic effects of morphine and tramadol delivered epidurally in cats receiving a standardized noxious stimulation

This study compared the analgesic effects of epidural tramadol versus morphine in six healthy cats. Under general anesthesia, each cat received an epidural injection of saline 0.22 ml/kg (control treatment, CT), tramadol 1 mg/kg (tramadol treatment, TT), or morphine 0.1 mg/kg (morphine treatment, MT). After cats had recovered from anesthesia a simple descriptive scale (SDS), visual analog scale (VAS) and physiological parameters (respiratory and heart rate) were used to assess analgesia level to a noxious stimulus (base of the tail skin fold clamping) at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h post-epidural. Group TT had a higher SDS and VAS score when compared to MT at 8, 10 and 12 h post-epidural. CT had higher SDS and VAS score at all time points when compared to TT and MT. In conclusion both morphine and tramadol provided analgesia in this model for the first 6 h; with epidural morphine resulting in longer lasting analgesia when compared to tramadol.

Diversidade de criadouros e tipos de imóveis freqüentados por Aedes albopictus e Aedes aegypti

OBJECTIVE To assess the diversity of oviposition containers and buildings where females of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti can be found. METHODS A study was carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southern Brazil, between 2002 and 2003. Larvae in different types of buildings were investigated, and immature forms found were then sent to the laboratory for identification. The larval frequency for both mosquitoes was estimated in the oviposition containers available. The Breteau index and the building infestation index were calculated and differences were tested using the Chi-square test. RESULTS The types of buildings that were positive for Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti were: dwellings (83.9%); churches, schools, clubs (6.8%); vacant land (6.4%); and businesses (2.8%). Of 9,153 larvae collected, 12.0% were Aedes albopictus and 88.0% were Aedes aegypti. Aedes albopictus were mostly found in drains (25.4%); cans, bottles, empty bottles (23.9%); and plant vases (16.2%). Aedes aegypti was much more frequently found than Aedes albopictus (chi(2)=145.067; p<0.001). Both species were significantly more frequent in artificial than in natural oviposition containers (chi(2)=31.46; p<0.001). The building infestation index and Breteau index for Aedes albopictus were 0.3% and 0.28% in 2002 and 0.4% and 0.5 in 2003, respectively. For Aedes aegypti, they were 1.0%, 1.16 in 2002 and 3.5% and 4.35 in 2003, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study assessed the frequencies of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti females in various types of oviposition containers and types of buildings. The abundant availability of artificial containers in dwellings, associated with the capacity of Ae. albopictus to be also found in natural oviposition containers, has greatly contributed for their gradual adaptation to human environment.

Ocurrencia de fasciolosis bovina en Itaguaí, Río de Janeiro, Brasil

The registration of the fasciolosis was accomplished in Itaguai, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The verification of the presence was accomplished through coprologics and clinical exams and necropsias in bovine. The installation of the natural focus was verified through the encounter of the larval forms in Lymnaea columella captured in the farm. This registration, the first in the municipal district, is considered epidemiologically important due to the factors imposed by the socioeconomic conditions presented in the area in study.

Estudo comparativo entre larvitrampas e ovitrampas para avaliação da presença de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) em Campo Grande, Estado do Rio de Janeiro

With the objective of evaluating the efficiency of traps for monitoring dengue and yellow fever vectors in Rio de Janeiro, 12 larvitraps and 12 ovitraps were used simultaneously for 13 weeks. The results indicated that the larvitraps presented greater capacity for positive findings, thereby highlighting it as an important monitoring tool for vector surveillance.

Uso da técnica de punção-biópsia para o diagnóstico histopatológico da fasciolose ovina

Objetivando avaliar a eficiencia da tecnica de puncao hepatica no diagnostico da fasciolose ovina, quer aguda, subaguda ou cronica, em regioes endemicas, esta foi experimentada em dois grupos de animais. O grupo 1, constando de 65 deles, posteriormente sacrificados, e o grupo 2, envolvendo 12 ovinos previamente selecionados ao acaso, de um rebanho original de 250, ambos oriundos do Municipio de Santa Vitoria do Palmar, RS. Os resultados, em ambos os grupos, corroboraram os achados dos exames coprologicos; e, em algumas amostras em que estes resultaram negativos, a positividade foi confirmada atraves da tecnica da puncao-biopsia. Demonstra-se, assim, ser esse um excelente instrumento no diagnostico da F. hepatica, nas tres fases, principalmente quando acompanhados de informacoes quanto a epidemiologia da doenca na regiao.

Frequência da artéria caroticobasilar em equinos mestiços: estudo anatômico destinado a pesquisa experimental e ao diagnóstico por imagem

The search for the functional understanding of the nervous system has resulted in an increase of morphological studies about encephalic vascularization in different animal species. The encephalic arteries are the main rote for blood transport to the brain and therefore have an essential role in the maintenance of normal brain activity. The functional importance of these vessels has led to various studies. The caroticobasilar artery was investigated in animals of order Perissodactyla, in species of Equidae family. The frequency of caroticobasilar artery was studied in 30 adult male crossbreed brain horses. The observations showed that this important vessel presented the following absolute and percentual frequencies: present in 15 (50%) brains 4 (13.3%) in the right antimere, 6 (20%) in the left antimere and 5 (16.7%) on both antimeres.

Quantification and distribution of circumvallate lingual papillae in saanen goats

The present study aimed to describe the disposition and amount of circumvallate lingual papillae in Saanen goats using 26 goat tongues from the Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and Morphology of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, which were previously fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for later dissection of tongues that were removed from the oral cavity for the necessary studies. After identification, morphometric data were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis for further description. In descriptive statistics, the mean of 17.85 was close to the median of 17.5 and the overall dispersion (standard deviation) was relatively low (2.24), which represents a coefficient of variation (CV) of 12.8 %. Confidence interval for mean with 95 % with 99 % confidence was also performed. Regarding the distribution of papillae, 21 tongues (80.7 %) of the total samples were located on the side of the tongue root, 3 tongues (11.5%) were distributed on the side of the tongue root, migrating toward the tongue median sagittal plane, 1 tongue (3.8 %) was located in the concave position on the side of the tongue root and 1 tongue (3.8 %) was disposed on the sides of the tongue, with some papillae arranged close to the region of the tongue median sagittal plane.

Structural study of the salivary glands of Anocentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae) during the feeding cycle

The salivary glands of Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897 ) occur in pairs and are located in the anterolateral region of the general cavity, with milky white color and approximately equal sizes. They consist of a secretory portion and an excretion duct. In some glandular acini, all the cells had a basophilic appearance they were stained by hematoxylin, whereas others presented cells with different staining affinities. In this work, we describe the variations observed in these glands during the feeding cycle of ticks [after feeding (0 h) and successively at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h]. The cells stained by hematoxylin were shown to be more reactive to Alcian blue, thus demonstrating the presence of acid glycosaminoglycans, whereas those stained using eosin presented weak or no reaction. A strong reaction was found by the use of the periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) technique, thereby suggesting the presence of glycogen and/or glycoconjugates containing hexose, confirmed by using salivary amylase before PAS, with partial destaining of the slides. Continuing presence of residual staining in these cells suggests the presence of glycoconjugates containing hexose. Cells with nuclei of circular outline and few granules (of different sizes) were found in type II acini, 72 h after collection. Type I acini presented wide lumina and walls composed of larger numbers of cells of cubic to cylindrical shape. The pronounced degranulation shown in this study over the course of the feeding cycle was associated with the release of substances for oviposition. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009.

Características morfológicas da distribuição vascular cerebral de Sus scrofa Linnaeus (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)

The aim this study was to verify the arterial vascularization of the wild boar brain, Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758, Suidae, and compare with other species. Five male and five female were injected with colored latex. The arterial supply of the brain was described and were done morphological analyses. In this species the arterial circuit of the brain is formed by the internal carotid artery branches, such as: the caudal communicant arteries, rostral branch, rostral cerebral arteries and rostral communicant arteries.

Registro de Fasciola hepatica em eqüinos (Equus caballus}, caprinos ( Capra hircus) e ovinos (Ovis aries) no município deltaguaí, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Exames de fezes de animais em regime de pastejo consorciado procedentes de rebanhos localizados no municipio deltaguai, estado do Rio de Janeiro; foram diagnosticados positivamente para a presenca de ovos de Fasciola hepatica noLaboratorio de Morfofisiologia e Patogenia de Carrapatos (LPMC) da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ),constituindo o primeiro registro desta especie em equinos, ovinos e caprinos do estado do Rio de Janeiro.