Paulo Roberto de Magalhães Viana

Adsorption of etheramine on kaolinite: A cheap alternative for the treatment of mining effluents

The results of laboratory experiments aimed at determining the influence of physicochemical parameters on the adsorption of etheramine (adsorbate) on white, pink and yellow kaolinites (adsorbent) are presented. The adsorption of etheramine was favoured at pH 10.0 under conditions where the initial concentration of etheramine was 200 mg l(-1) and the ratio of adsorbent to volume of etheramine solution was 1:100 g ml(-1). Equilibrium adsorption was attained within 30 min and the efficiencies of removal of etheramine by white, pink and yellow kaolinite were 77%, 80% and 69%, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of the kaolinites were determined under optimum conditions and with adsorbate in the concentration range of 0-4000 mg l(-1). The amounts of etheramine adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent were 33.03, 34.32 and 23.11 mg g(-1) for white, pink and yellow kaolinites, respectively. The adsorption of etheramine on kaolinites was better fitted to the Langmuir rather than the Freundlich isotherm, and could be explained by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It is concluded that kaolinites offer significant potential in the treatment of effluents originating from the processing of lower grade iron ores by froth flotation.

Study of chemical and thermal treatment of kaolinite and its influence on the removal of contaminants from mining effluents

The effects of chemical and thermal treatments on the structure of kaolinite were examined, as well as the influence of those changes upon the removal of etheramine, a cationic collector used in the processing of iron ore. The materials were characterized using XRD, XRF, specific surface area (SBET), FTIR, zeta potential and a test for determination of acid sites. The effects of the treatments on the structure of kaolinite were evaluated using chemometric tools developed from principal components analysis algorithms and hierarchical components analysis. The parameters evaluated in the kinetic study of adsorption were contact time, initial concentration of etheramine, quantity of adsorbent and pH. The adsorption of etheramine in the samples subjected to chemical treatments could be explained by a pseudo-second order model, whilst for the sample subjected to thermal treatment, better fit was with the pseudo-first order model. With regard to adsorption isotherms, it was shown that for the three adsorbents used, adsorption followed the Langmuir model. The maximum quantities adsorbed were 27 mg g(-1), 29 mg g(-1) and 59 mg g(-1), respectively, for the samples subjected to acid, thermal and peroxide treatments. The treatment with peroxide was found to be the most suitable for removal of etheramine.

Adsorção de coletores aniônicos em silicatos

The understanding of the adsorption mechanisms of collectors is of primary importance for the optimization and, eventually, the feasibility of the flotation process. Although anionic collectors are included in the main reagents used in various flotation systems, only a few studies of adsorption of these reagents in silicate flotation systems have been carried out when compared with the large number of studies developed with sparingly soluble minerals and oxides. The present work makes a concise revision of the adsorption mechanisms for the main anionic silicate collectors, carboxylic and sulfonic acids and sulfates. Carboxylic acids are emphasized due to their ability to form insoluble salts with metallic cations.

The Kinetic of Atmospheric Acid Leaching of Brazilian Lateritic Nickel

Atmospheric processing of nickel lateritic ores with low costs has been encouraged. In this work the kinetic of atmospheric acid leaching of a northern-Brazilian ore with 1.63% Ni and large amount of fine particles (d50 ≈ 0.075 mm and 40% below 0.038 mm) is presented. Chemical analysis showed a trend of Ni and Fe concentration in finer fraction (−0.075 mm) and Si and Mg in the coarsest one (−0.500 + 0.150 mm) associated to distinct mineral phases. Nickel is widespread in the mineral matrix. Distinct behaviors were observed as a function of particle size associated to the distribution of silicates and iron oxides in the ore. The kinetic modeling indicated that leaching is controlled by porous layer diffusion at 65 °C, but at 95 °C exhibits a mixed control by porous layer diffusion in initial minutes (60 min) and by chemical reaction or diffusion through the pore layer in final minutes (60–240 min) depends on metal evaluated.

Adsorção de misturas de coletores em silicatos

Despite the fact that over 70 years ago the industrial flotation practice already considered the mixture of oils as chain extenders, detailed studies on interactions between flotation reagents appeared only in the sixties. The initial work investigations were dedicated to the study of the mixtures of anionic or cationic reagents with alcohols. Publications during the last 20 years have been related to the adsorption of collector mixtures: at the alumina-water interface, the feldspar flotation, and the reverse flotation of hematite. The present work reviews the main aspects of collector mixture in the flotation and shows the microflotation results of some silicates with the combination of anionic and cationic collectors.