Paulo Roberto Tavares Dalcol

Aglomeração industrial de petróleo e gás da região produtora da Bacia de Campos - sistema de conhecimento, mudanças tecnológicas e inovação

O objetivo central neste trabalho e investigar a aglomeracao industrial de petroleo e gas da regiao produtora da Bacia de Campos (Rio de Janeiro) e a possibilidade dessa concentracao geografica de firmas, independentemente de suas diversas nomenclaturas (cluster, milieu, rede, distrito industrial, arranjo, sistema local, entre outras), consistir em fator que contribui para as atividades inovadoras das empresas ali situadas. Os fundamentos da pesquisa aqui relatada baseiam-se em duas vertentes distintas, uma teorica e outra empirica. A vertente teorica consiste em um modelo analitico hibrido que combina elementos das abordagens de clusters e de sistemas de inovacao. A vertente empirica esta baseada em dez estudos de caso em firmas localizadas na aglomeracao, cujos bens e servicos sao de alta complexidade tecnologica, e que atuam em areas de intenso dinamismo tecnologico. As contribuicoes deste trabalho estao centradas na caracterizacao da aglomeracao industrial, sob o prisma da complexidade e do dinamismo tecnologico, na elaboracao do modelo hibrido teorico e nos resultados do estudo empirico que apontam para a existencia de grupos nos quais a aglomeracao industrial exerce papel fundamental para as atividades inovadoras das firmas.

Conexões de conhecimento e posturas tecnológicas das firmas: evidências da aglomeração industrial de petróleo e gás da Bacia de Campos

The present work analyses the results of empirical research involving ten firms that are part of the oil and gas industrial agglomeration in the productive region of the Campos Basin (RJ). The firms involved in this study operate in areas of intense technological dynamism providing products and services of high technological complexity to operators in this region. Two groups of firms were given special attention: well equipment suppliers (wet Christmas trees) and well service suppliers (well technology). A hybrid model for agglomeration analysis was developed, which uses elements from the clusters approach and innovation systems (sectoral and technological). The aim of this work was to determine the formation process and the agglomeration characterization and to understand, from the perspective of the knowledge system and the technological approaches of the firms, how the technological changes, recently applied to the Campos Basin, are implemented and what the origins of such changes are. As a secondary objective, this study has attempted to verify whether geographic agglomeration is a factor that favors innovation by the firms located there. Results have shown evidence of the existence of a group of firms in which geographical proximity has a positive influence on innovative activities.

AS ABORDAGENS DE CLUSTERS E DE SISTEMAS DE INOVAÇÃO: MODELO HÍBRIDO DE ANÁLISE DE AGLOMERAÇÕES INDUSTRIAIS TECNOLOGICAMENTE DINÂMICAS

Este trabalho visa apresentar um referencial teorico inovador, elaborado para a analise de aglomeracoes industriais que apresentem um conteudo tecnologico significativo. Uma revisao bibliografica das abordagens de clusters e sistemas de inovacao e realizada, onde se identificam os principais problemas de cada uma das abordagens e as contribuicoes para este campo de estudo tao dinâmico e promissor. Como principal resultado deste trabalho, elaborou-se um novo modelo teorico, um modelo hibrido, para analise de aglomeracoes, que utiliza elementos das abordagens de clusters e de sistemas de inovacao, consistindo em uma interessante ferramenta de analise. Da abordagem de clusters, o relacionamento entre os atores sao destacados por meio de suas conexoes de conhecimento, que no seu conjunto formam o sistema de conhecimento. Da abordagem de sistemas de inovacao utiliza-se as vertentes de sistemas setoriais e tecnologicos de inovacao, buscando-se os aspectos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de capacitacoes tecnologicas, mudancas tecnologicas e inovacao. O modelo desenvolvido neste trabalho foi aplicado na aglomeracao industrial de petroleo e gas da regiao produtora da Bacia de Campos gerando resultados promissores.

MODELOS DE ANÁLISE DE AGLOMERADOS INDUSTRIAIS: IMPLICAÇÕES NO ESTUDO DO AGLOMERADO DE PETRÓLEO E GÁS DO NORTE FLUMINENSE

Com base nas crescentes mudancas tecnologicas e gerenciais da atualidade, as empresas buscam meios de alcancar vantagens competitivas, de inovar e se manter em atividade no mercado de forma sustentada. Com o intuito de discutir as novas formas de insercao de empresas na dinâmica economica atual, o presente artigo analisa, no contexto das abordagens de arranjos produtivos locais (APL’s), dos keiretsu japoneses, dos clusters e dos sistemas setoriais de inovacao (SSI), pontos positivos e negativos dessas configuracoes, quando utilizados na analise do aglomerado de petroleo e gas do Norte Fluminense. O objetivo e identificar a aplicabilidade dos conceitos e abordagens de APL, keiretsu de producao (modelo de producao japones) cluster e sistemas setoriais de inovacao ao aglomerado de petroleo e gas do Norte Fluminense. Alem disso, busca-se a confrontacao das peculiaridades de alguns estudos empiricos de aplicacao desses conceitos com o aglomerado em questao.

A Diagnosis of Brazilian Shipbuilding Industry on the Basis of Methodology for an Analysis of Sectorial Systems of Innovation

A recent resumption of Brazilian shipbuilding industry, driven by the purchasing power of the state, has presented controversial opinions concerning its effective contribution to, in the first instance, the innovation and competitiveness in the sector and secondly, for Brazilian development. The present study, conducted between November 2009 and May 2011, analyses the said industry from a methodology based on an approach of system sectors of innovation, seeking to highlight the existence and intensity of relationships between the main organizations and institutions, which are members of the industry, in addition to verifying the individual contributions of each of the stakeholders to the industrial competitiveness. As a result of the study, an accurate diagnosis is presented concerning the main aspects to be prioritized through the Brazilian shipbuilding industry, in addition to reviews of proposals of scientific and industrial policies directed towards the said industry, specifically as regards the granting of public funds for research and development demands be revised, as should be aligned to the real needs of the country and the productive sector.

Virtual organisation model: the new organisation and value chain framework

The virtual organisation concept emerged when companies initiated to outsourcing production process using this characteristic to define their virtualisation. Thereafter, this concept has changed and obtained new dimensions. The introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) brought more changes for this organisation concept, mainly after the internet advent. As these transformations took place in a short period of time, knowledge although comprehensive, remains diffuse. This theoretical study aims to consolidate virtual organisation concepts, analysing their development since the industrial model to one in which service companies predominate. Thus, it proposes a framework of how these virtual enterprises could organise themselves.

Um estudo empírico sobre a correlação entre automação flexível e flexibilidade de manufatura

Este artigo discute os resultados de um estudo recente envolvendo 16 empresas lideres do setor de bens eletronicos de consumo no Brasil. Sao analisadas as relacoes entre automacao flexivel e variaveis tais como: percepcao gerencial da flexibilidade; variedade de produtos; frequencia de mudanca nos processos das maquinas e aumento da variedade de produtos. O objetivo e verificar se os gerentes, que percebem a importância da flexibilidade de manufatura, estao usando flexibilidade efetivamente ou nao, procurando, assim, explorar a utilizacao da flexibilidade em um setor industrial dinâmico de um pais de industrializacao recente.

Avaliação da contribuição de aglomerados produtivos para o desenvolvimento local no estado do Rio de Janeiro

The dynamism of local and regional economic vocation based on the cluster structure has been widely recognized as an acceleration factor having a major impact on the economic development process in Rio de Janeiro State. The interest in this industrial configuration, especially among small enterprises, has been increasing sharply and has become one of the leading topics of research among public and private institutions. Such a configuration involves small enterprises that are geographically concentrated around economic activities and emerged from the vertical disintegration process that occurred after the Second World War to become a powerful tool applied to local development, contributing in part to employment and quality of life. The goal of this study was to measure the contribution of industrial clusters to local development in Rio de Janeiro State.

Seleção de flexibilidades de manufatura: uma analogia à carteira de ações para minimização de riscos e problemas no ambiente fabril

Many authors recommend the use of manufacturing flexibility to minimize the harmful effects that risks instill in manufacturing companies. However, the multidimensional feature of manufacturing flexibility and the several different types of trade-offs make it difficult to select and customize the flexibility level to be adopted due to the existing variables. Moreover, choosing wrong types of flexibility for the solution of problems may lead to unnecessary and inadequate investments resulting in capital loss and inefficiency in the use of flexible resources for risk anticipation. Therefore, it becomes crucial to provide operations management with results that allow the selection of different types of flexibility according to the companys needs and resources availability. Hence, an empirical research contemplating eight companies from five industrial segments was carried out by means of an analogy with risks diversification in stock portfolios. Five different types of flexibility portfolios are proposed for five different industrial segments

ESTRATÉGIAS DE PRODUÇÃO NA INDÚSTRIA DE EQUIPAMENTOS MÉDICOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO POR IMAGEM: UMA ANÁLISE DA RESSONÂNCIA

ABSTRACT In the last decades, an important revolution has taken place in the medical technology field, particularly in image diagnosis equipment. The central purpose of the present paper is to analyze and understand the strategies and productive systems used in the production of such equipment, with specific focus on the production of Magnetic Resonance equipment. It is important to make data and information available especially in countries like Brazil, which, despite still not having a national production, make use of this technology and need to prepare human resources not only for its own use but also for the development and production of specific components. Other important issue is to know which strategy is the best for these countries since some companies can intend to install their factories of image devices there. The methodology used in the present study involves case studies performed in two major manufacturers of image diagnosis equipment – Philips Medical Systems and Siemens Medical. It was possible to identify different productive strategies in these firms, and the positive and negative aspects were analyzed. Keywords: