Paulo Sérgio Scalize

AVALIAÇÃO DA TURBIDEZ EM AMOSTRAS DE ÁGUA TRATADA COLETADAS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS

This study evaluated the turbidity of 5034 water samples collected at the water supply systems of 224 municipalities in the State of Goias during a period of 24 months, between 2011 and 2013. Samples were collected at the beggining, end and also in intermediate points of water supply systems, as well as in areas with increased flow of people, such as hospitals, clinics, schools and nurseries. The results showed that in the rainy season were found 78.1% of occurrences of turbidity over 1.0 NTU in relation to drought, and the average rate was 0.98 and 2.20 NTU, respectively, to periods of drought and rainy. It was observed that 23.91% of the evaluated samples showed turbidity values greater than 1.0 NTU and 3.5% greater than 5.0 NTU. There is a variation between the results presented, that is from 1.9% to 8.0% of the mesoregions and 0 to 8.9% incidence of microregions with turbidity higher than 5.0 NTU.

Real-scale comparison between simple and composite raw sewage sampling

The present study performed a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the raw sewage collected at the entrance of the sewage treatment station of the city of Itumbiara, state of Goiás. Samples were collected every two hours over a period of seven consecutive days. Characterization of both point samples and composite samples was performed. The parameters analyzed were: temperature, pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, electric conductivity, total phosphorus, settleable solids, ammoniacal nitrogen, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, fixed suspended solids and turbidity. These results allowed us to verify that it is possible to perform the collection and analysis of a point sample, instead of a composite sample, as a way of monitoring the efficiency of a sewage treatment plant.

Use of condensed water from air conditioning systems

Abstract Facing the growing demand for water, discussions on environmental sustainability and conservation of this resource have become increasingly important. Among the possibilities for water conservation, air conditioning systems have potential applicability because, during their operation, water is generated via the condensation of air humidity, which is normally discarded. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the water released by air conditioning equipment (condensed water) installed in the Laboratory of Water Analysis (LAnA) qualitatively and quantitatively, in order to verify its potential for use in the laboratory itself. For this, the quality of the water produced by three air conditioners was compared water quality parameters found in the literature, as well as with water produced by a distiller and an ultra-purifier, both used in the LAnA. Water quality was evaluated using physicochemical parameters (i.e. pH, electrical conductivity, resistivity, alkalinity, turbidity, apparent color and hardness) and microbiological parameters (i.e. total coliforms, Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria). The average water flow produced by the three monitored air conditioners was 3.08 L/hour, which is higher than the daily consumption by the LAnA, indicating that its use would be quantitatively propitious. The physicochemical and microbiological analyses found that, condensed water can be used in the routine activities of LAnA. However, for its use as reagent-grade water, a prior treatment would be necessary, mainly due to the presence of heterotrophic bacteria.

Gerenciamento dos resíduos em unidades de saúde em municípios do estado de Goiás, Brasil

A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar o gerenciamento dos residuos deservicos de saude (RSS) em unidades de saude publicas municipais em17 municipios do estado de Goias. Foram aplicados formularios aos gestoresdos hospitais e postos de saude, baseados em normas especificas para RSS.O levantamento das informacoes ocorreu no periodo de fevereiro de 2013 ajaneiro de 2014, e verificou-se que a incineracao e o metodo de tratamentoutilizado total ou parcialmente em 100% dos municipios, sendo que 11%lancam parte de seus residuos no mesmo local destinado aos residuosdomiciliares. Nota-se que os profissionais envolvidos no processo degerenciamento dos RSS nao possuem conhecimento sobre o mesmo em suatotalidade, refletindo em falhas na segregacao e, consequentemente, noscustos de tratamento e disposicao final, sendo necessaria maior atencao doPoder Publico e dos gestores para a questao dos RSS, promovendo a saudedos trabalhadores e a qualidade ambiental do municipio.

Heavy Metal Removal in a Detention Basin for Road Runoff

Abstract Road runoff produced during rainfalls has significant pollutant load, which can cause important environmental impacts on waste and soil. The efficiency of a detention basin for removing heavy metals (Cr, Cu and Zn) in road runoffwas evaluated for 8 rainfalls over one year with different intensities (between 16mmand 103 mm) and durations (higher than 3 hours). The basin showed good performance for removing all metals for precipitation intensities between 16mmand 103mmand rainfall durations up to 3 hours. The volume of the basin is suitable for retaining all the road runoff coming from rainfalls with intensities lower than 29.4mmand duration longer than 6 hours. This type of monitoring should be introduced in Environmental Monitoring Plans of roads because it allows evaluating the effectiveness of treatment systems and preventing the possible impacts of discharges into the environment.

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DOIS MÉTODOS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA TRATADA

The assessment of water quality destined to population consumption is something essential; for this reason the physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters are monitored and must be according to the limits established in legislation. Thus, the present study has determined and compared the application of two Water Quality Indexes (WQI) of 249 treated water samples, collected in the water supply system of the city of Goiania, during a period of 24 months. These samples were subjected to analysis of 10 physical-chemical parameters and 3 microbiological parameters. The WQI values for the samples were determined using a Canadian WQI calculation model, and also by using different calculation model, employed by the local State Company. The results indicated that the water distributed in 88.8% of the samples were rated as excellent by the two models, indicating that the model employed by local State Company is more restrictive than the Canadian model, besides that there is a seasonal influences pointing to a worse water classification in the rainy season. Keywords: WQI, Water quality, Canadian model.

GÊNERO E GESTÃO INTEGRADA DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS E SANEAMENTO: APROXIMAÇÕES DA REALIDADE CABO-VERDIANA E BRASILEIRA

The precarity of sanitation contributes to aggravate the situation of social vulnerability in which many women are, especially those located in the urban peripheries, rural communities or precarious settlements. To overcome such situations, alternatives have been adopted and discussed in small communities and/ or in rural groups and in periurban areas, in order to promote acess to water and sanitation. Much of the experience reveals the importance of social mobilization and of local communities but, above all, the active participation of women in the processes of integrated management of water resources. Facing this scenario, this study aims to think over the processes and tools for planning and integrated management of water resources and sanitation, that incorporate the gender’s dimension in the Cape Verdean and Brazilian contexts. The methodology was based on observation visits in Cape Verde and in rural areas in the State of Goias, Brazil.

Análise evolutiva de processo erosivo acelerado em uma área urbana da cidade de Goiânia

No contexto atual o crescimento das cidades, a deficiencia no planejamento e as caracteristicas das precipitacoes, principalmente em grandes centros urbanos, influenciam nos processos erosivos. Dessa forma, este trabalho propoe a verificacao da origem e evolucao de uma vocoroca localizada no municipio de Goiânia-GO. Realizou-se uma analise temporal no periodo de 2002 a 2014 utilizando imagens de satelite de Google-Earth e ortofotograficas. As imagens foram editadas e geoprocessadas utilizando o programa computacional ArcGis. Verificou-se que os principais fatores para a formacao e evolucao da erosao foram a naturaliza do solo e o inadequado tracado do sistema viario e do planejamento local.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUO DE ETA VISANDO SUA DISPOSIÇÃO NA SAÍDA DE LAGOAS DE ESTABILIZAÇÃO

The WTP are responsible for the production of drinking water to be consumed by the population, which generates social benefits, however, as in any manufacturing industry, waste is generated and there is the need to dispose them properly without harming the environment. The solid waste management included waste destination and for this stage is necessary to know the waste characteristics in order to define the best treatment and disposal. This study aimed to characterize the WTPS produced by a WTP in the state of Goias, Brazil, that employs in their treatment the coagulant aluminum sulfate. Physico-chemical analyses and structural properties were verified, showing that the residue consists of clay (mainly the mineral kaolinite and halloysite), silt and sand. The residue was determined as not plastic. The EDS analysis detected the presence of aluminum, which is related to the phosphorus removal in water and sediment, which facilitates their reuse in the wastewater treatment

Substituição racional de hidrômetros em sistemas de abastecimento de água (doi:10.5216/reec.v9i3.31378)

RESUMO: O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito da submedicao em 862 hidrometros de uma cidade do interior paulista com 75.000 ligacoes ativas de agua, objetivando a criacao de uma proposta para identificar os hidrometros com pior desempenho metrologico, indicando a sequencia de substituicao. Para isso, foram avaliados medidores classe metrologica A e B, segregados por fabricante, ano e volume totalizado. Todos os hidrometros foram submetidos a teste em bancada em tres vazoes, 15 L/h (classe B) ou 30 L/h (classe A), 75 L/h (classe A e B) e 750L/h (classe A e B). Os resultados apontaram que 37,1% foram reprovados registrando leituras menores que a leitura de referencia, com submedicao variando de -0,7 a 31,1%. Foi observado que alguns hidrometros mais antigos estavam com melhores desempenhos metrologicos que os mais novos, podendo, caso fosse realizada uma substituicao sem criterios, haver aumento de perda aparente com uma reducao de receita ao inves de beneficios. Este estudo possibilitou a criacao de uma sequencia de grupos de hidrometros que apresentou menor desempenho metrologico, e sua substituicao acarretara um aumento no volume micromedido, reduzindo o indice de perdas aparente e, consequentemente aumentando o volume faturado. ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of under-metering in 862 water meters in a countryside city of Sao Paulo State, with 75,000 active water connections. It was evaluated metrological class A and B water meters, separated by manufacturer, year and totalized volume. All water meters were subjected to bench tests in three flows, 15 L/ h (class B) or 30 L/ h (class A), 75 L/ h (class A and B) and 750L/ h (A and B class). The results showed that 37.1% were disapproved by registering reading lower than the reference, with sub-metering ranging from -0.7 to 31.1%. It was observed that some older water meters had better metrological performances than the newest ones, and if a replacement without criteria be held, it may result increase in an apparent losses with a reduction of incoming rather than benefits. This study enabled the creation of a sequence of groups of lowest water meter metrological performance, and its replacement will result in an increase in micro-measured volume, reducing the rate of apparent losses and, consequently, increasing the amount billed.