Paulo Virgolino da Nóbrega

Mielopatias: consideraçöes clínicas e aspectos etiológicos

We studied 97 inpatients with myelopathy at the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley from 1985 to 2002. Ages ranged from 10 to 78 years and average age was 39.8 years. All patients were examined by neurologist. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed in 44 (45.3%) cases and immunofluorescence reactions and/or ELISA in CSF were made in 32 (32.9%) cases. Radiologic investigation of the vertebral spine and spinal cord of the 32 (32.9%) cases consisted of 8 radiographies, 10 computed tomography and 14 magnetic resonance image. In 41 (42.2%) cases the lesions were situated in the lower dorsal and lumbar level and complete transverse lesion were registred in 61 (62.8%) cases. There was predominance of transverse myelitis (43.2%) and spinal cord compression (15.46%). Spinal cord schistosomiasis was the form more often of the transverse myelitis (13.4%).

Mielopatia transversa em adulto portador de leucemia aguda linfoblástica: relato de caso

We report a case of transverse myelopathy in a 31 year old white man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, subtype L3 (ALL-L3). This is a severe form of leukemia that affects children more often than adults. Less than 1% of leukemic patients develop neurologic complication in the spinal cord. The symptomatology in the present case started with back pain, flaccid paraplegia, and loss of sensibility and vegetative functions below the lesion. The etiologic diagnostic was obtained through peripheral blood study, bone marrow cytology, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and magnetic resonance image of the dorsal cord. The antileukemic treatment with specific drugs had no influence on the fatal outcome of the disease.

Cisto aracnoideo intracraniano. Relato de nove casos operados

Analysis of nine patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts surgically treated from 1974 to 1995. The treatment consisted of cystoperitoneal shunt in seven patients and craniotomy with excision of cyst membrane in the other two cases. After surgery, bacterial meningitis and failure shunt device were observed in three cases. Both the infectious process and the shunt device were respectively treated and corrected at once. It has been observed total clinical improvement in all nine cases. A review of the literature has been made and some pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are discussed.Analysis of nine patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts surgically treated from 1974 to 1995. The treatment consisted of cystoperitoneal shunt in seven patients and craniotomy with excision of cyst membrane in the other two cases. After surgery, bacterial meningitis and failure shunt device were observed in three cases. Both the infectious process and the shunt device were respectively treated and corrected at once. It has been observed total clinical improvement in all nine cases. A review of the literature has been made and some pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are discussed.

Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

Prevalence rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest an interrelationship between genetic and environmental factors, ranging worldwide.Objectives Clinical and epidemiological characterization of MS patients in João Pessoa, Paraíba city.Methods Study involving patients treated in five services in the city.Results It included 87 patients with MS, representing a prevalence of 12.0 cases/100,000 population, mainly women (77%) and white people (66.7%) with mean age of 43 years and average age of the first outbreak of 32.2 years. Motor symptoms (65.5%) and relapsing-remitting clinical form (78.2%) predominated; the average of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores was 3.5 and 72% used a type of immunomodulatory drug. There was a positive correlation between the number of outbreaks and the duration of the disease with EDSS scores.Conclusions The prevalence of the disease is considered average. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics are in line with most similar Brazilian studies.

Achados cirúrgicos em 260 casos de impressão basilar e/ou malformação de Arnold-Chiari

A impressao basilar e malformacao frequentemente observada no Nordeste do Brasil. No periodo de 1971 a 1992 foram operados, em nosso Servico, 260 pacientes com malformacoes occipitocervicais, sendo 29 (11,1%) casos de impressao basilar pura, 18 (6,9%) com malformacao de Arnold-Chiari e 213 (81,9%) com impressao basilar associada a malformacao de Arnold-Chiari. Sao relatados os achados cirurgicos do plano osseo, da dura-mater, do tecido nervoso e dos vasos da fossa posterior.: The surgical findings observed in a series of 260 patients with craniovertebral anomaly are presented. There were 29 (11.1%) patients only with basilar impression, 18 (6.9%) cases of pure Arnold-Chiari malformation and 213 (81.9%) cases of basilar impression associated with Chiari malformation. The surgical findings on bone, dura-mater, nervous tissue and blood vessels of this region are reported.

Mutismo cerebelar transitório: relato de dois casos

We present two cases of mutism observed after resection of tumors of the cerebellum, in two children of the feminine sex, being in the first case of medulloblastoma and in the second of juvenile astrocytoma. In both patients there was pre-operative lesion of low cranial nerves. The pathophysiology of the mutism involves anatomical, vascular and emotional factors, being its essential characteristics discussed with base in revision of the literature.

Quarto ventrículo isolado: relato de dois casos

Two cases of isolated fourth ventricle are reported, the first due to cerebellar haemorrhage, and the second due to congenital hydrocephalus with multiple shunt revisions and Dandy-Walker cyst. In our opinion, there are two basic treatment for isolated forth ventricle. The direct approach to the fourth ventricle is indicated when there is presence of an intraventricular cyst. The fourth ventricular shunting, independent of the supratentorial shunt, is the best treatments for patients with an isolated fourth ventricle without the presence of a cyst.

[Ataxia-telangiectasia. Report of 4 cases].

The clinical, immunologic and radiologic aspects of 4 cases of ataxia telangiectasia are reported. Comparing with a large revision of literature, the authors justify the publication of the report by the scarse occurrence of the disease and by its incidency in 3 brothers of one same family.