Pavel Povondra

Schorl-oxy-schorl to dravite-oxy-dravite tourmaline from granitic pegmatites; examples from the Moldanubicum, Czech Republic

Wet-chemical analyses (41) of tourmaline from granitic pegmatites (barren, barren-pocket, beryl, lepidolite types) in the Moldanubicum, Czech Republic revealed that members of the oxy-subgroup ĄV common oxy-schorl, minor oxy-dravite and rare oxy-foitite are more abundant relative to the relevant members of the hydroxy-subgroup. The primary substitution mechanisms in tourmaline show combination of heterovalent substitutions: YAlWO YR2+-1W(OH)-1, XďYAl2WO XNa-1YR2+-2W(OH)-1, XďYAl XNa-1YR2+-1 and Xď W(OH) XNa-1WO-1, and homovalent substitutions: Fe2+Mg-1 and (OH)F-1. Tourmalines with the chemistry expressed by the general formula X(Na0.5ď0.5)Y(R2+2Al)ZAl6(BO3)3Si6O18V(OH)3W(O0.5OH0.5) crystallized in very similar PT conditions in granitic systems saturated on Na, Al, Si and H2O, it indicates the importance of short-range order requirements on tourmaline chemical composition. Abundance of heterovalent substitutions involving the W-site requires determination of light elements (H, B, F, Li) and Fe2+/Fe3+ in tourmalines to specify substitution mechanisms with certainty. Normalization of electron-microprobe data of (Fe,Mg)-rich, (Ca,Li,F)-poor tourmalines from granitic pegmatites on (OH,F)3.5O0.5, which is more probable than (OH,F)4, seems to be suitable.

Elbaite pegmatites in the Moldanubicum: a new subtype of the rare-element class

SummaryA new subtype of complex rare-element granitic pegmatites, the elbaite subtype, is proposed to designate pegmatites in which most of Li is stored in tourmaline. Elbaite pegmatites are widespread in the Bohemian and Moravian parts of the Moldanubicum. Internal structure commonly is simple, progressing from a granitic border unit through a graphic unit to local pods of blocky K-feldspar. Patches of an albitic unit are associated with the blocky pods or pockets developed in the central parts of some dikes. A very low proportion of micas is typical. Tourmaline (schorl to elbaite) is an omnipresent subordinate to accessory phase. Elbaite is found at and within the pockets, or associated with albite ± lepidolite in massive pegmatite. Hambergite, danburite, datolite and boromuscovite have been found at some localities. Elbaite from the elbaite pegmatites is apparently enriched in Mn and F, and shows low vacancies in the X-site, relative to elbaite from the lepidolite subtype. Lepidolite from elbaite pegmatites is close to polylithionite, whereas lithium micas from pegmatites of the lepidolite subtype show highly variable compositions from lithian muscovite to lepidolite with a substantial amount of the trilithionite (up to polylithionite) component.Paragenesis and composition of the elbaite pegmatites indicate conditions of consolidation that are rather different from those of other subtypes of the complex pegmatites: high activity of B, increased alkalinity of the parent medium, and reduced activity of P.ZusammenfassungUm Pegmatite zu kennzeichen, in denen Li hauptsächlich an Li-führende Turmaline gebunden ist, wird ein Elbait Subtyp komplexer granitischer Selten-Element Pegmatite vorgeschlagen. Zusammen mit dem häufigeren und üblicherweise stärker Li-angereicherten Lepidolith-Subtyp, sind Elbait-Pegmatite im Moldanubikum Böhmens und Mährens weitverbreitet. Die Internstruktur ist allgemein einfach, beginnend mit einer granitischen Randzone, gefolgt von einer schriftgranitischen Zone mit Nestern mit blockigem K-Feldspat. Albit-reiche Zonen die sich im zentralen Teil der Pegmatitgänge entwickelten, sind mit diesen Nestern verbunden. Ein geringer Glimmeranteil ist typisch. Turmalin (Schörl bis Elbait) ist untergeordnet bis akzessorisch allgegenwärtig. Elbait kommt in den Taschen, oder vergesellschaftet mit Albit ± Lepidolith in den massigen Pegmatiten vor. Hambergit, Danburit, Datolith und Boromuscovit sind gelegentlich gefunden worden. Sie stellen späte Drusen-Minerale dar. Der Elbait aus den Elbait-Pegmatiten ist an Mn und F angereichert, und zeigt im Vergleich zum Elbait aus dem Lepidolith-Subtyp, wenig Leerstellen auf den X-Positionen. Lepidolith aus Elbait-Pegmatiten ähnelt Polylithionit, während Li-Glimmer aus Pegmatiten des Lepidolith-Subtyps sehr variable Zusammensetzungen von Li-betontem Muscovit bis Lepidolith mit erheblichen Anteilen von Trilithionit (bis Polylithionit) enthalten.Die Paragenese und Zusammensetzung der Elbait-Pegmatite verweisen auf Bildungsbedingungen, die sich erheblich von denen anderer Subtypen komplexer Pegmatite unterscheiden. hohe B-Aktivität, erhöhte Alkalinität der Fluidphase und niedrige P-Aktivität.

A green lead-containing orthoclase

It is proposed to extend the name amazonite, hitherto used to designate only the green variety of microcline, also to similarly coloured orthoclase and K-feldspars intermediate between orthoclase and microcline and, perhaps, also to other feldspars whose colour is similar to that of microcline-amazonite. In the pegmatites related to the Pb−Zn mineralization of the ore deposit at Broken Hill, N.S.W., Australia, a green orthoclase was found which contains 1.19% PbO. Unit cell dimensions (A):a 0=8.570(4),b 0=12.987(3),c 0=7.209(3), β=116°02′ (01′);a 0∶b 0∶c 0=0.6599∶1∶0.5551;V=720.91 (.57) A3. Optical properties:n α=1.524,n β=1.528,n γ=1.529 all ±0.002,n γ−n α=0.005, (−) 2V=61°,X Λa=5°,Z=b,Y Λc=20°. Dm=2.570, Dx=2.585. The pegmatites, which contain in addition to green orthoclase also blue quartz, are believed to have originated by the same metamorphic processes which produced the surrounding gneisses and which were also responsible for the metamorphism of the Broken Hill ore deposit.

Darrellhenryite, Na(LiAl2)Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)3O, a new mineral from the tourmaline supergroup

Abstract Darrellhenryite, Na(LiAl2)Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)3O, a new member of the tourmaline supergroup (related to the alkali-subgroup 4), is a new Li-bearing tourmaline species, which is closely related to elbaite through the substitution YAlW 0.5O1YLiW -0.5(OH)-1. It occurs in a complex (Li-bearing) petalite-subtype pegmatite with common lepidolite, Li-bearing tourmalines, and amblygonite at Nová Ves near Český Krumlov, southern Bohemia, Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. This zoned pegmatite dike cross-cuts a serpentinite body enclosed in leucocratic granulites. Pink darrellhenryite forms columnar crystals (sometimes in parallel arrangement) up to 3 cm long and up 2 cm thick, associated with albite (var. cleavelandite), minor quartz, K-feldspar, petalite, rare polylithionite, and locally rare pollucite. The optical properties and the single-crystal structure study (R1 = 0.019) of darrellhenryite are consistent with trigonal symmetry, w = 1.636(2), e = 1.619(2), birefringence: 0.017, space group R3m, a = 15.809(2), c = 7.089(1) Å, V = 1534.4(4) Å3, and Z = 3. The chemical analysis, in combination with the results from the single-crystal structure refinement, gives the formula X(Na0.58Ca0.01□0.41)1.00Y(Li1.05Al1.95)3.00ZAl6 (BO3)3T(Si6O18) V(OH)3W(O0.66F0.34)1.00, which can be simplified to an ideal formula of Na(LiAl2) Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)3O. The strongest lines of the powder pattern [d in Å (I, hkl)] are 4.180 (39, 211), 3.952 (54, 220), 3.431 (73, 012), 2.925 (100, 122), 2.555 (90, 051), 2.326 (42, 511), 2.029 (42, 223), 2.021 (42, 152), 1.901 (50, 342), 1.643 (49, 603). The density is Dmeas = 3.03(3) g/cm3, Dcalc = 3.038 g/ cm3. Darrellhenryite is considered to have crystallized in Li- and B-rich but F-moderate environments in complex pegmatites; no influence of higher activity of O on the darrellhenryite formation is implied from its mineral assemblage. The name is for Darrell J. Henry, Professor of Geology at the Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, U.S.A., an expert on the mineralogy, petrology, crystal chemistry, and nomenclature of tourmaline-supergroup minerals.

On zeophyllite from Radejčín, České středohoří Mts.: X-ray and IR-investigations

SummaryA redetermination of the crystal structure of zeophyllite, idealized Ca13Si10O28F10.6H2O [a=9.377(2), c=36.57(2) Å; Z=3], space group R3 (No. 148) yielded R = 0.033 for 2238 observed single crystal X-ray data (Fo > 3σFo). The atomic coordinates in combination with the anisotropic thermal displacement parameters as well as the internal R-value from merging equivalent intensities gave no evidence for a violation of trigonal symmetry. The structure is characterized by SiO4 tetrahedra combined to open branched vierer single layers in an arrangement normal to the threefold axes. These layers are connected via the Ca(O,F)x polyhedra and hydrogen bridges to a framework with a pronounced cleavage parallel to (00.1). The statistic . occurrence of Si-OH groups in parts of the structure was confirmed by IR-investigations.ZusammenfassungEine Neubestimmung der Kristallstruktur an Zeophyllit, idealisiert Ca13Si{ion10}O28F10· .6H20 [a=9.377(2), c=36.57(2) Å; Z=3], Raumgruppe R3 (No. 148), ergab R = 0.033 für 2238 beobachtete Röntgeneinkristalldaten (Fo > 3σFo). Die Koordinaten der Atome in Verbindung mit den Parametern der anisotropen thermischen Schwingung sowie der interne R-Wert nach Mittelung äquivalenter Intensitäten ergaben keinen Anhaltspunkt für eine Verletzung der trigonalen Symmetrie. Die Struktur ist charakterisiert durch SiO4-Tetraeder, verknüpft zu “open branched vierer single layers”, die normal zur dreizähligen Achse angeordnet sind. Diese Schichten werden über die Ca(O,F)x Polyeder und Wasserstoffbrücken zu einem Gerüst mit ausgeprägter Spaltbarkeit parallel (00.1) verbunden. In der Struktur statistisch auftretende Si-OH-Gruppen konnten durch IR-Untersuchungen belegt werden.

Kutnohorite from the Chvaletice pyrite and manganese deposit, east Bohemia

Kutnohorite-quartz veins penetrate through a weakly metamorphosed Late Proterozoic sedimentary rhodochrosite carbonate in pyrite shales. Kutnohorite is pleochroic ranging from colourless (∈) to pinkish grey (ω), ω=1.735, ∈=1,543,d=3.066g·cm−3;a 0=4.852(1),c 0=16.219(7) A. A quantitative chemical analysis leads to the formula (Ca0.95Mn0.05)1.00(Mn0.64Mg0.23Fe0.13)1.00(CO3)2.04. An electron microprobe scanning reveals considerable microscale inhomogeneity in cleavage rhombohedrons taken from a coarsely grained aggregate. It is mostly of the character of periodic fluctuations of the main element contents around an average value. There is a strong prevalence of an Fe+Ca−Mn+Mg antagonism, the extremes of compositonal differences lying in distances of 0.0X mm. The fluctuation maxima amount to about 9% for FeO, 6% for MnO, 3% for CaO, and 1.5% for MgO. In one of the samples even a two phase character with the above antagonism between the two phases was detected by X-rays. The inhomogeneities are due, partly at least, to the Fe-metasomatic processes that followed the formation of the kutnohorite by Alpine-paragenesis hydrothermal metamorphism.

Coexisting biotite and muscovite: An example from a Moinian mica schist at Glenfinnan, Scottish Highlands

SummaryMoscovite-biotite intergrowths from Moinian mica schist at Glenfnnan probably represent a pair that grew under conditions of a thermodynamic equilibrium, at a temperature of 730 (± 50) °C and a pressure of 7.8 (± 1.0) kbar. Both micas and garnet are characterized by full chemical analyses and some physical data (density, unit-cell parameters). Precession photographs of five crystals show that there is a fxed crystallographic orientation between muscovite and biotite, with c* of both parallel and thehOlMS net overlapping withh3hlB1,

Chemical composition and physical properties of lithium-iron micas from the Krušné hory Mts. (Erzgebirge): Part A: Chemical composition

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