Pavol Kurdel

Computing skills in aviation ergatic systems

Recent aviation technologies are characterized by high flight security guaranteed by wide information basis, which decreases error tolerance range on a large scale. It is tolerant towards flight parameters entropy, it is obtained by using cybernetic systems, which shape human - operator - control abilities in more and more urgent way. The existence of mutuality of intolerance needs requires narrow information connection between the machine (aircraft) and the person (its operator). In the presented paper the intolerance is perceived as an ergatic effect, the principle of which is based on machine artificial intelligence and human natural intelligence. Learning is the common name of presented intellects, i.e. perception of error existence, their recognition and compensation. Locomotion organs (most frequently arms and legs) present the disposition of the human - operator for entering control process, the dynamics and amplitude relevance are the result of the transformation of information flows worked out by his intellect. Degree and quality of informative evaluation of the situation (in time) of mutuality of the position (aircraft) and required position of the control is decided by the operator. In the paper, the adequacy of visible movement is called a skill. The development of the operator pilot skills is based on many factors. His improvement is a subject of physical laws, mathematical model of which is presented in the paper and explained by an example.

Sea Wind Measurement by Doppler Navigation System with X-Configured Beams in Rectilinear Flight

We suggest a conceptual approach to the measurement of the near-surface wind vector over water using a Doppler navigation system, in addition to its standard navigation capabilities. We consider a Doppler navigation system with a track-stabilized antenna and x-configuration of its beams. For the measurement of the sea-surface wind, the system operates in the multi-beam scatterometer mode in rectilinear flight. The proposed conceptual design has been validated, and its accuracy for the wind vector measurement has been estimated using Monte Carlo computational simulations.

On off-nadir wind retrieval over the sea surface using APR-2 or similar radar geometry

ABSTRACT In some cases, nadiral wind retrieval algorithms are not applicable for wind measurements due to the specificity of a radar instrument measuring geometry or its mounting on aircraft, and so off-nadir backscattering measurements can only be performed. In this paper, a method for off-nadir wind retrieval over the sea based on the sea-surface backscattering measurements with the Airborne Precipitation Radar-2 or similar radar measuring geometry has been proposed. The study is based on a theory of the quasi-specular microwave backscattering from the sea surface. An anisotropic water surface approach is considered. The wind vector is retrieved from the system of equations for measured normalized radar cross sections (NRCS) by using the relationships between the speed of the sea-surface wind and the standard deviations of the sea-surface slopes along the up- and cross-wind directions. A wind vector recovery with the cross-track scanning measurement geometry has been simulated. The maximum errors of the wind speed and direction estimations are within typical errors of wind measurements by a scatterometer. A maximum altitude of the method applicability for this geometry has been defined. Recommendations to perform the measurements have been described in detail.