Pedro Antonio Arraes Pereira

The development of Brazilian agriculture: future technological challenges and opportunities.

Ensuring food security for the worlds population over the coming decades will face the challenges of a larger world population, greater urbanization, limited natural resources, higher levels of income, and stronger links between the agricultural and biofuel markets. Overcoming the challenges these represent will require, among other efforts, promoting sustainable expansion of agricultural production through higher productivity and greater cropping intensity. In this paper, we examine the role of Brazils agriculture industry in the domestic and world markets; first, we review the countrys agricultural development experience, and second, we address some key issues that will play a pivotal role in Brazilian agriculture in the future. The paper highlights the main aspects of the modernization process experienced by Brazils national agriculture industry, presents the style of agricultural growth followed by the country, and discusses selected technologies that have played a major role in transforming the sector over the past four decades. We also analyze income from different farm sizes, and provide an overview of key agricultural research challenges and technologies that will be pursued by Brazil in the near future.

Controle do caruncho-do-feijoeiro Zabrotes subfasciatus com óleos vegetais, munha, materiais inertes e malathion

(3) Resumo – Na busca de alternativas ao controle quimico do caruncho Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera:Bruchidae), avaliou-se, em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), o efeito de tres genotipos, cv. Carioca e duas linhagens contendo a proteina arcelina (Arc1 e Arc3), e da adicao nos graos armazenados de oleo de soja (Glycine max Merrill); oleo de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), munha (residuo de trilha da colheita), calcario dolomitico e terra de formigueiro, comparativamente aos graos nao tratados e ao controle quimico com malathion 500 CE. O experimento foi realizado no laboratorio da Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Arroz e Feijao, localizado no Municipio de Santo Antonio de Goias, GO, em condicoes nao controladas. Na linhagem Arc1, constatou-se maior protecao aos danos do caruncho, observando-se reducao do numero de ovos e de adultos emergidos e da porcentagem de sementes danificadas em relacao a Arc3 e a cv. Carioca. Quando os graos foram tratados com malathion, oleo de nim e oleo de soja, observou-se menor numero de ovos e de adultos emergidos e reducao de danos, e nao houve diferenca na porcentagem de sementes danificadas entre o malathion e o oleo de nim. A mistura das sementes com terra de formigueiro conferiu baixa protecao ao caruncho, enquanto os tratamentos com munha e calcario dolomitico nao apresentaram eficiencia na reducao da progenie e dos danos de Z. subfasciatus. Termos para indexacao: Phaseolus vulgaris, controle de pragas, resistencia aos pesticidas. Control of the Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus with vegetable oils, trashing residues, inert materials and malathion

Efeito da proteína arcelina na biologia de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman 1833), em feijoeiro

Arcelin is a seed protein found in wild beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) which gives resistance to Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman 1833) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Studies were carried out with the objective of estimating the effect of four alleles of protein arcelin (Arc1, Arc2, Arc3 and Arc4) on the biology of Z. subfasciatus. The experiment was carried out in laboratory at Embrapa- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Arroz e Feijao, in Santo AntUnio de GoiAEs, GO, Brazil, under non controlled conditions. The highest levels of antibiosis to Z. subfasciatus were observed in Arc1, with reduction in the number of eggs, number of emerged adults, adults longevity. In the line Arc2 only reduction in the number of emerged adults was observed. The lines Arc3 and Arc4 showed low efficiency on the reduction of progeny of Z. subfasciatus and effects in the longevity and egg-adult cycle were not detected. Insect sexual ratio was not altered by the presence of Arc1, Arc2, Arc3 and Arc4 in the seeds.

Estabilidade da resistência a Zabrotes subfasciatus conferida pela proteína arcelina, em feijoeiro

RESUMO - A arcelina e uma proteina encontrada em feijoes silvestres e confere resistencia ao carunchodo-feijao, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh., 1833) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Comparativamente as cultivares suscetiveis Porrillo 70 e Goiano Precoce, estudou-se a estabilidade da resistencia, conferida por dois alelos da proteina arcelina, nas linhagens do feijoeiro Arc1 e Arc4, apos a criacao do inseto por quatro geracoes sucessivas no mesmo genotipo. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratorio da EmbrapaCentro Nacional de Pesquisa de Arroz e Feijao (CNPAF), no municipio de Santo Antonio de Goias, GO, em condicoes nao-controladas, utilizando-se delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso. Observaram-se, nas linhagens portadoras de arcelina, reducao do numero de ovos e de adultos emergidos, reducao do peso dos insetos, e prolongamento do periodo ovo-adulto. Na linhagem Arc1, a resistencia ao Z. subfasciatus foi mais expressiva. Nessa linhagem, os parâmetros numero de ovos, numero de adultos emergidos, periodo ovo-adulto, razao sexual e peso de machos nao foram alterados, porem observou-se aumento progressivo de peso das femeas nas geracoes. Na linhagem Arc4, houve reducao do periodo ovoadulto, embora o numero de ovos e de adultos emergidos, razao sexual e peso de machos e femeas nao tenham sido alterados. Termos para indexacao: Phaseolus vulgaris, resistencia a insetos, biologia de insetos, caruncho, armazenagem. STABILITY OF THE RESISTANCE TO ZABROTES SUBFASCIATUS CONFERRED BY PROTEIN ARCELIN IN COMMON BEANS PLANTS

RAPD Marker Linked to a Gene Conferring Resistance to Race IB-9 of Pyricularia grisea in a Somaclone of the Rice Cultivar Araguaia

The gene Pi-ar confers resistance to Pyricularia grisea in a somaclone of the upland rice cultivar Araguaia developed from callus culture of immature panicles. The somaclone SC09 exhibited resistant reaction to all of the 182 P. grisea test isolates belonging to 15 different races. The study on inheritance showed that the resistance to pathotype IB-9 of P. grisea is monogenic and dominant. In order to identify marker linked to this gene, the F2 population from a cross between the highly susceptible cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and the somaclone SC09 of rice cultivar Araguaia was screened using RAPD primers. Initially, the polymorphism between parents, the cultivar LTH and somaclone SC09 was analyzed using 577 random 10-bp primers. The susceptible and resistant bulks of the F2 population, along with DNA of the two parents were tested with 176 primers that differentiated susceptible and resistant parents. Thirty-six primers differentiated the susceptible and resistant bulks, as well as the cultivar LTH of the somaclone SC09. However, one primer OPK17 was found to be closely linked (5.3 cM) to the resistance gene of somaclone and this can be used in the marker assisted selection.