Pedro Arroyo

Obesidad, morfología corporal y presión arterial en grupos urbanos y rurales de Yucatán

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la antropometria y presion arterial de adultos del estado de Yucatan, Mexico. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se evaluaron diferencias rural-urbanas por grupos sexo-edad en peso, talla, circunferencias de cintura y cadera, y presion arterial en 313 adultos de origen urbano y 271 del rural, de Yucatan. RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencias rural-urbanas en prevalencias de obesidad y sobrepeso, y en hipertension los urbanos tuvieron valores marginalmente mayores. Se encontro mayor prevalencia rural de cintura anormal solo en mujeres y hombres jovenes. La comparacion con dos encuestas nacionales y una regional (mixtecos rurales) mostro obesidad similar a la notificada en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000 (ENSA) y mayor que mixtecos y la informada en la Encuesta Nacional de Enfermedades Cronicas 1993 (ENEC). La prevalencia de cintura anormal fue intermedia entre la indicada en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion 2006 (ENSANUT) y mixtecos, y la de hipertension intermedia entre la notificada en la ENEC y mixtecos. CONCLUSIONES: Las poblaciones maya y mestiza de Yucatan presentaron alta prevalencia de obesidad y cintura anormal que no se acompanaron de prevalencia mayor de hipertension. Esta observacion requiere confirmacion.

Nutritional anemia. VI. Fetal hepatic storage of metabolites in the second half of pregnancy

The non-heme iron, folates, and vitamin B12 in the liver of 77 fetuses were assayed as were serum levels of these metabolites in 70 of their mothers. The findings indicate the existence of independent placental transport mechanisms, switched on and off at different stages of late gestation, and peculiar to each metabolite.

Research trends in mother-child healthcare, 1966-1995.

Objective: To explore trends in mother–child healthcare (MCHC) research over the past 30 years. Methods: Classifications of Medline articles were made at 5-year intervals using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) as classifiers. Papers were classified in mutually and non-mutually exclusive categories by subject (mother and four age groups of children) and type of research (clinical, basic, epidemiologic, and unclassified) and its various combinations. Results: The number of MCHC papers increased from 34,110 in 1966 to 65,028 in 1995, but the proportion of all Medline articles (18–21%) was relatively stable. There were remarkable long-term temporal stabilities in the proportions of MCHC papers of mothers and the four age groups of children. Most papers dealt with child (46%) and adolescents (45%), and only 11% studied mother and children together. Regression analysis indicated that a linear increase in number of MCHC papers in Medline (1053/year) was represented largely by single-age and combinations of age children, especially adolescence. However, the slope for mother-plus-children papers (113/year) was substantially higher than for mothers alone (64/year). Clinical papers (52%) were the dominant type of MCHC research, but the proportions of basic and epidemiologic papers and their combinations with clinical papers have increased substantially in the past decade. Conclusions: There has been a dominance of clinical and child-related papers in MCHC research, which may be a reflection of restricted outlooks of specialists in the area. This may change soon if the tendency toward increasing numbers of basic and epidemiologic papers holds.

Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the socioeconomic transition of rural Mayas of Yucatan from 1962 to 2000

ABSTRACT Background: The Mayas of the State of Yucatan in Mexico are the only aboriginal group with obesity and diabetes data before 1997. Objective: To analyze socioeconomic trends associated with the increase in obesity and diabetes seen in rural Yucatan from 1962 to 2000. Methods: Body weight, height and venous Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) were measured in 263 rural Maya adults participating in a 2000 nutrition survey. Results: Diabetes (FBG > 125 mg/dL) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were 10.6% and 35.7%, respectively. These results contrast with those of a 1962 survey where diabetic prevalence was 2.3% and 0% in women and men respectively, with widespread adult pellagra and malnutrition. An important socioeconomic transition that took place in Yucatan during this lapse appeared to be associated to the obesity and diabetes increase. Conclusions: Rural Yucatan evolved from malnutrition conditions to high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in less than 40 years. This change was associated with the transition from an agroindustry-based economy, characterized by high-energy expenditure and low protein intake, to lower energy requirements of a Government-subsidized economy with larger food supply.

Values of a Body Mass Index Surrogate in Older Adults Using Knee Height Instead of Height

low-volume HIIT in younger adults (18–32) is uncertain and reported a small overall effect size with large confidence intervals (1.8 5%), partly because of improvements in control groups. The present study demonstrates that in older sedentary men, the effect on PPO is an order of magnitude greater (26.5%) than reported for younger cohorts, with a within-group increase of 17% for the intervention group between Phases B and C. Normal aging is associated with progressive decline in PPO, and it may be that participants had low initial PPO, allowing for more room for improvement than in younger individuals. Furthermore, given that variables such as intensity, effort duration, total effort, and work:rest ratio within each session were all comparable with those of previous studies, the major difference in the present study is the lower exercise frequency. Consequently, the large improvements in PPO and rPPO in the intervention group are even more surprising given the lower training frequency of once every 5 days, equating to less than half that of previous investigations in younger cohorts. Correspondingly, the improvements in the intervention group were in response to a total of 27 minutes of HIIT exercise across the 6-week period. Given that a reduction in muscular power is a strong predictor of future frailty, prevention of such a decline offers clear benefits to older individuals who remain functionally capable. The present cohort (56–65) was selected as the demographic that is most likely to benefit from HIIT-induced improvements in muscle function. These individuals, frequently termed “young old,” typically have many years of minimally diminished functional capacity remaining and are less likely to have mobility-limiting disorders. Improvements in function or quality of muscle tissue are Consequently likely to be carried into old age and consequently increase the “health span” and not just the “life span.” Furthermore, because older adults typically fail to achieve exercise guidelines (150 min/wk of moderate exercise), the limited time requirements of these results suggests a useful avenue for future investigations. The results of the present study indicate that lowvolume, low-frequency HIIT programs are a feasible and effective method of improving indices of peak muscular power in sedentary but otherwise healthy aging men.

Clinimetric testing in Mexican elders: associations with age, gender, and place of residence

Aim: To evaluate the ability of five clinimetric instruments to discriminate between subjects >60 years of age living at home versus those living in a residency. Methods: Trained nutritionists applied five instruments (cognition/depression/functionality/nutrition/appetite) to 285 subjects with majorities of women (64%), aged <80 years (61%), and home residents (54%). Results: Multivariable regression models were generated for each instrument using age, gender, and residency as independent variables. Age was associated with worsening scores in the five instruments whereas residency showed association in three instruments, and gender in two. Score-age regressions by place of residency showed differences suggesting that Mundet residents had increasingly worse scores with increasing age than home dwellers for cognition, depression, and nutrition. Also, living at home prevented the worsening of depression with increasing age. In contrast, functionality and appetite deteriorated at a similar rate for home and Mundet residents suggesting an inability of these two instruments to discriminate between settings. Score-age regressions by gender suggested that males have less cognitive problems at 60 and 80 years of age but not at 100 years, and better appetite than women at all ages. Conclusion: Increasing age proved to be associated to worsening scores in the five instruments but only three were able to detect differences according to setting. An interesting observation was that living at home appeared to prevent the depression increase with increasing age seen in Mundet residents.