Pedro Solís-Cámara

Parenting in Mexico: Relationships Based on Love and Obedience

Mexico boasts the third largest population in the Americas and consists of the largest Spanish-speaking population in the world. This chapter summarizes parenting in Mexico starting with the first half of the twentieth century that was characterized by the unquestionable and absolute supremacy of the father and the sacrificial role of the mother. Eventually counter-cultural beliefs emerged that have challenged these traditional cultural values (e.g., decline in agreement with submissiveness of females). In addition to describing research related to the unique cultural influences in Mexico on parenting, research on Mexican families conducted outside of the boundaries of Mexico is also included. Overall, it appears that particularly for families with very young children, there are more similarities than differences in parenting practices between families in Mexico and elsewhere. In order to support Mexican families who are experiencing challenges in child rearing, intervention programs have been developed to offer parent–child training programs with positive results for the parents and their children. Recently, parenting research has explored the possibility of bridging the indigenous psychologies, such as Mexican ethnopsychology, with mainstream psychology. The initial findings appear to support the idea that traditional Mexican values continue to exist while a progressive infusion of counter-cultural values are gradually altering Mexican parenting attitudes and practices. This chapter concludes by providing a brief glimpse into the lives of two families in Mexico, one from a small city and another from the country.

ESTRUCTURA FACTORIAL DEL CUESTIONARIO DE SALUD GENERAL GHQ-12 EN POBLACIÓN GENERAL DE MÉXICO

OBJETIVO: conocer la estructura factorial del GHQ-12 en Mexico y explorar su utilidad para identificar a personas que perciben tener problemas de salud. METODO: participaron 1093 adultos sin diagnostico de enfermedades cronicas; 462 fueron varones, con una edad media de 32.2 anos (DT=13.2) y 631 mujeres, con una edad media de 29.1 anos (DT=12.0). Se realizaron comparaciones de correlaciones, medias y varianzas para explorar los efectos de la redaccion de items en forma negativa versus positiva. Posterior al AFE, se compararon los indices de ajuste de los modelos multidimensionales, del unidimensional original y del unidimensional con ‘efectos del metodo’. Se comparo la percepcion general de salud y los puntajes del GHQ-12 para mujeres y hombres. RESULTADOS: el modelo unidimensional con ‘efectos de metodo’ (errores correlacionados) mostro el mejor ajuste a los datos. Los puntajes de items positivos, negativos y el total fueron mas altos para participantes con problemas de salud, pero solo las varianzas e intervalos de confianza de los items positivos fueron consistentes y homogeneos. CONCLUSION: se apoya que el GHQ-12 es una medida unidimensional. Aplicado en poblacion mexicana muestra una estructura factorial semejante a la de paises orientales y occidentales. Se sugiere utilizar el puntaje de los items positivos del instrumento como un metodo general de tamizaje del bienestar/malestar psicologico.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF SEVERE DISCIPLINARY PRACTICES WITH PRESCHOOLERS, BEFORE AND AFTER PARENT TRAINING

The objective of this study consisted on determining whether training parents of preschool children on rearing practices would modify harsh disciplinary practices as well as some potential predictors of these practices, such as anger-aggression and stress of parents, childrens stress and behavioral problems, as well as parent-child stress. Sixty parents (41 moms and 19 dads) answered the corresponding questionnaires. The sample was randomly divided into an experimental group (EG), exposed to parent training, and a control group without training (CG). Parents answered the same questionnaires 10 weeks later. Hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) showed that parent-child stress and behavioral problems were the main predictor variables of disciplinary practices (p < .01) in the total sample. In the second assessment, results indicated significant changes in disciplinary practices and all the variables for the EG, but not for the CG. In addition, HRA performed on the CG and the EG pointed out the importance of parental anger-aggression as a variable predictive of disciplinary practices. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of modifying harsh disciplinary practices and their negative effects on children, as well as the proper use of cognitive-behavioral techniques to modify negative relationships between parents and children.The objective of this study consisted on determining whether training parents of preschool children on rearing practices would modify harsh disciplinary practices as well as some potential predictors of these practices, such as anger-aggression and stress of parents, children’s stress and behavioral problems, as well as parent-child stress. Sixty parents (41 moms and 19 dads) answered the corresponding questionnaires. The sample was randomly divided into an experimental group (EG), exposed to parent training, and a control group without training (CG). Parents answered the same questionnaires 10 weeks later. Hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) showed that parent-child stress and behavioral problems were the main predictor variables of disciplinary practices (p < .01) in the total sample. In the second assessment, results indicated significant changes in disciplinary practices and all the variables for the EG, but not for the CG. In addition, HRA performed on the CG and the EG pointed out the importance of parental anger-aggression as a variable predictive of disciplinary practices. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of modifying harsh disciplinary practices and their negative effects on children, as well as the proper use of cognitive-behavioral techniques to modify negative relationships between parents and children.

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE PREDITORES POTENCIAIS DE PRÁTICAS DISCIPLINARES SEVERAS COM PRÉ-ESCOLARES, ANTES E DEPOIS DE UM TREINAMENTO PARA PAIS

The objective of this study consisted on determining whether training parents of preschool children on rearing practices would modify harsh disciplinary practices as well as some potential predictors of these practices, such as anger-aggression and stress of parents, childrens stress and behavioral problems, as well as parent-child stress. Sixty parents (41 moms and 19 dads) answered the corresponding questionnaires. The sample was randomly divided into an experimental group (EG), exposed to parent training, and a control group without training (CG). Parents answered the same questionnaires 10 weeks later. Hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) showed that parent-child stress and behavioral problems were the main predictor variables of disciplinary practices (p < .01) in the total sample. In the second assessment, results indicated significant changes in disciplinary practices and all the variables for the EG, but not for the CG. In addition, HRA performed on the CG and the EG pointed out the importance of parental anger-aggression as a variable predictive of disciplinary practices. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of modifying harsh disciplinary practices and their negative effects on children, as well as the proper use of cognitive-behavioral techniques to modify negative relationships between parents and children.The objective of this study consisted on determining whether training parents of preschool children on rearing practices would modify harsh disciplinary practices as well as some potential predictors of these practices, such as anger-aggression and stress of parents, children’s stress and behavioral problems, as well as parent-child stress. Sixty parents (41 moms and 19 dads) answered the corresponding questionnaires. The sample was randomly divided into an experimental group (EG), exposed to parent training, and a control group without training (CG). Parents answered the same questionnaires 10 weeks later. Hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) showed that parent-child stress and behavioral problems were the main predictor variables of disciplinary practices (p < .01) in the total sample. In the second assessment, results indicated significant changes in disciplinary practices and all the variables for the EG, but not for the CG. In addition, HRA performed on the CG and the EG pointed out the importance of parental anger-aggression as a variable predictive of disciplinary practices. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of modifying harsh disciplinary practices and their negative effects on children, as well as the proper use of cognitive-behavioral techniques to modify negative relationships between parents and children.

Análisis comparativo de predictores potenciales de prácticas disciplinarias severas con preescolares, antes y después de un entrenamiento para padres

The objective of this study consisted on determining whether training parents of preschool children on rearing practices would modify harsh disciplinary practices as well as some potential predictors of these practices, such as anger-aggression and stress of parents, childrens stress and behavioral problems, as well as parent-child stress. Sixty parents (41 moms and 19 dads) answered the corresponding questionnaires. The sample was randomly divided into an experimental group (EG), exposed to parent training, and a control group without training (CG). Parents answered the same questionnaires 10 weeks later. Hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) showed that parent-child stress and behavioral problems were the main predictor variables of disciplinary practices (p < .01) in the total sample. In the second assessment, results indicated significant changes in disciplinary practices and all the variables for the EG, but not for the CG. In addition, HRA performed on the CG and the EG pointed out the importance of parental anger-aggression as a variable predictive of disciplinary practices. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of modifying harsh disciplinary practices and their negative effects on children, as well as the proper use of cognitive-behavioral techniques to modify negative relationships between parents and children.The objective of this study consisted on determining whether training parents of preschool children on rearing practices would modify harsh disciplinary practices as well as some potential predictors of these practices, such as anger-aggression and stress of parents, children’s stress and behavioral problems, as well as parent-child stress. Sixty parents (41 moms and 19 dads) answered the corresponding questionnaires. The sample was randomly divided into an experimental group (EG), exposed to parent training, and a control group without training (CG). Parents answered the same questionnaires 10 weeks later. Hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) showed that parent-child stress and behavioral problems were the main predictor variables of disciplinary practices (p < .01) in the total sample. In the second assessment, results indicated significant changes in disciplinary practices and all the variables for the EG, but not for the CG. In addition, HRA performed on the CG and the EG pointed out the importance of parental anger-aggression as a variable predictive of disciplinary practices. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of modifying harsh disciplinary practices and their negative effects on children, as well as the proper use of cognitive-behavioral techniques to modify negative relationships between parents and children.