Pekka Pääkkönen

Reference Architecture and Classification of Technologies, Products and Services for Big Data Systems

Many business cases exploiting big data have been realised in recent years; Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook are examples of companies in the social networking domain. Other big data use cases have focused on capturing of value from streaming of movies (Netflix), monitoring of network traffic, or improvement of processes in the manufacturing industry. Also, implementation architectures of the use cases have been published. However, conceptual work integrating the approaches into one coherent reference architecture has been limited. The contribution of this paper is technology independent reference architecture for big data systems, which is based on analysis of published implementation architectures of big data use cases. An additional contribution is classification of related implementation technologies and products/services, which is based on analysis of the published use cases and survey of related work. The reference architecture and associated classification are aimed for facilitating architecture design and selection of technologies or commercial solutions, when constructing big data systems.

A communication architecture for spontaneous systems

In this article a communication architecture concept for spontaneous systems is provided. The concept integrates application-level spontaneous group communication and ad hoc networking together. A service gateway is applied as a key architecture element to connect multiple technologies and networks together. A set of methods to enable plug and play, addressing and mobility, peer-to-peer connectivity, and use of services is provided. Finally, the provided methods are discussed based on the realized research experiments.

Optimizing power consumption of always-on applications based on timer alignment

In modern smartphones there exist several applications that periodically establish data connection and/or send data to the network. For example, a mobile email application periodically checks for incoming messages from the server. Packet transmission is usually triggered by expiration of a timer. Wireless radio access resources are activated during transmission, which increases energy consumption of the terminal, particularly when connected over 3G network. Fortunately, timing requirements are usually not strict and therefore application timers can be grouped together by using a timer alignment method. In this paper, we present two timer alignment methods for reduction of energy consumption. In the first both minimum and maximum thresholds of timers are available for alignment, and in the second only the maximum timer value is available. One of the methods was tested in the real environment by using Nokia N97 mobile phone in two different cellular networks. In addition, both methods were tested with a large number of randomly generated timers to find out certain statistical properties of their behavior. The tests presented very promising results, maximal power savings were ∼50%. However, the results depend on certain parameters of the cellular network.

Evaluating the Quality of Social Media Data in Big Data Architecture

The use of freely available online data is rapidly increasing, as companies have detected the possibilities and the value of these data in their businesses. In particular, data from social media are seen as interesting as they can, when properly treated, assist in achieving customer insight into business decision making. However, the unstructured and uncertain nature of this kind of big data presents a new kind of challenge: how to evaluate the quality of data and manage the value of data within a big data architecture? This paper contributes to addressing this challenge by introducing a new architectural solution to evaluate and manage the quality of social media data in each processing phase of the big data pipeline. The proposed solution improves business decision making by providing real-time, validated data for the user. The solution is validated with an industrial case example, in which the customer insight is extracted from social media data in order to determine the customer satisfaction regarding the quality of a product.

A Generic Communication Middleware Architecture for Distributed Application and Service Messaging

The contribution of this paper is a generic communication middleware (GCM) concept and architecture definition for application messaging in heterogeneous distributed computing environments. The GCM is targeted to facilitate the development of distributed applications into heterogeneous computing environments, with special attention given to applicability for both wireless and wired communication and variable capability devices. The requirements are gathered from the literature and initial prototype implementations. The GCM concept and architecture are presented in the paper. The novelty of the GCM middleware is that it provides both application and transport independent messaging system architecture that can be widely applied in different applications and services as middleware. Functional validation of the GCM concept and architecture is provided via prototypes overviewed and empirically analyzed in the paper

GANS: A Signalling Framework for Dynamic Interworking Between Heterogeneous Networks

There is a growing trend towards convergence of telecommunication and data networks in order to support a richer set of services and applications. At the same time, increasing diversity and density of network access technologies has made the goal of providing connectivity anytime and anywhere a real possibility. Another important development is the emergence of small, low-complexity user owned networks, such as personal area networks and body area networks. Dynamic interworking, also known as network composition, between networks of different types and sizes is essential in the push towards convergence, as well as to realize truly seamless connectivity between heterogeneous access networks. Dynamic interworking requires signalling between different elements of the control planes of the different networks in order to coordinate the control functions and resources of the networks concerned. In this paper, we present the generic ambient network signalling protocol suite to address the diverse signalling requirements for dynamic interworking of networks.

Interaction of all IP mobile Internet devices with networked appliances in a residential home

This paper deals with the interaction of all IP mobile Internet devices with networked appliances in a residential home. Two novel mechanisms are described and demonstrated: pointing as an indication of user interest, and user interface loading from the home appliance to a mobile Internet device. The user pointing action is used as a source to both collecting the context information of the user, and triggering the execution of the user interface loading procedure. The provided mechanisms are described in the form of a use scenario, and implemented using a session initiation protocol (SIP) and an open service gateway (OSGi) platform.

IPv6 prefix delegation-based addressing solution for a mobile personal area network

This paper provides a dynamic IPv6 prefix delegation-based addressing solution to enable Internet connectivity when a Personal Area Network (PAN) is moving between sub-networks. A PAN consists of a cluster of mobile devices, which are dynamically connected with each other and move around together. The approach is based on IPv6 stateless address auto-configuration, and Automatic Prefix Delegation Protocol for IPv6. The problems related to addressing, mobility and IPv6 prefix delegation are evaluated with the constructed prototype. The experiences indicate that the solution is quite light and enables session continuity in subnet changes for any mobile node of a PAN. In addition, the solution does not exclude application of Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), however Mobile IPv6 is not necessarily needed when Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) based mobility is applied By using SIP, route optimization is also achieved and IPv6 encapsulation is avoided with UDP-based sessions. However, the solution is not necessarily very scalable to big mobile networks.

DEEP - A Generic Name Resolution Protocol for Heterogeneous Networks

The current trend towards convergence of telecommunication and data networks considering all emerging access technologies is leading to more heterogeneous and dynamic environments. Networking visions are evolving towards ubiquitous computing and it is foreseeable that once users start to establish their own networks formed by their personal devices, the number of both mobile networks and mobile nodes will increase. As the peer-to-peer communication paradigm is becoming more popular, the number of resolvable service endpoints is increasing. The paper focuses on introduction of a multi-stage name resolution mechanism for future heterogeneous and dynamic environments called destination endpoint exploration protocol. It presents the design principles and the specification of the protocol and depicts how the protocol relates to existing name resolution systems by means of concrete examples

An Optimized Message-Oriented Middleware Solution for Extending Enterprise Services to the Mobile Domain

The extension of services from the enterprise domain to the mobile infrastructure offers many attractive business cases for software companies. However, accomplishing this task poses many problems, which mainly stem from the differences of the environments and limited resources of the mobile terminals. One of the problems is application middleware frameworks applied in the Enterprise systems, which are difficult to be extended to the mobile domain. This paper presents a binary-based message-oriented middleware (MOM) solution to bridge the gap between the enterprise and mobile domains. Requirements for the proposal have been gathered from a mobile business case to be realized. The main advantage of the solution is the minimization of overhead compared to text-based approaches. Also reusability aspects of the solution have been discussed. The proposal can be seen as an alternative to the compressing the payload, when low cost access to mobile services with mobile devices with limited capabilities is considered as a requirement