Pernille Gjerløv-Juel

Heroes today - but what about tomorrow: Gazelles and their long-term performance

Young high-growth firms, or gazelles, have been investigated predominantly with respect to their outstanding short-term performance. The paper at hand adopts a different approach by analyzing the long-term performance of such firms to shed light on the sustainability of these job-creating machines. Using the Danish Integrated Database for Labour Market Research, we find that former gazelles are not able to sustain their headstart in terms of performance in the long run. We demonstrate that gazelles are often outperformed by initially slower growing competitors, as high initial growth negatively affects a firm’s long-term survival. We also find that high-growth start-ups ultimately achieve lower employment growth and higher employee turnover. We explain these counterintuitive findings by arguing that an initial period of rapid employment growth impedes the emergence of a stable and efficient routine structure within the newly founded venture if expansion is undertaken too hastily. In turn, this impediment decreases these firms’ long-term performance, as the initial set of structures and routines or the lack thereof has a long-lasting effect on the organization’s development. Acknowledgments: This project was funded by the Danish Social Science Research Council at the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation. We are grateful for discussions with Michael S. Dahl, Olav Sorenson, Michael Hannan, Glenn Carroll, and seminar participants at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and Scandinavian Consortium for Organizational Research.

Spin-off Growth and Job Creation: Evidence on Denmark

This new and original collection of papers focuses on the intersection of three strands of research: evolutionary economics, behavioral economics, and management studies. Combining theoretical and empirical contributions, the expert contributors demonstrate that the intersection of these fields provides a rich source of opportunities enabling researchers to find more satisfactory answers to questions that (not only evolutionary) economists have long been tackling. Topics discussed include individual agents and their interactions; the behavior and development of firm organizations; and evolving firms and their broader implications for the development of regions and entire economies.