Petchporn Chawakitchareon

The Efficiency of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulphide Adsorption using Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon and Zeolite

In this work, adsorbents granular activated carbon (GAC), granular activated carbon with acetylene (CVD/GAC) and zeolite A were applied for carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas removal. The adsorbents were characterised by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Polyethyleneimine (PEI) in ethanol with initial concentration of 0.2 g l–1 and 1 mol dm–3 lithium nitrate (LiNO3) were prepared to improve the adsorption capacity. In the impregnation process, various adsorbents, i.e., GAC, CVD/GAC and zeolite A were placed in a vial containing 0.2 g l–1 of PEI and 1 mol dm–3 of LiNO3 solution, at different ratios of adsorbent and various solutions of 30%W/W. The adsorbents (GAC, PEI/CVD/GAC:PEI/GAC, LiNO3/CVD/GAC:LiNO3/ GAC, zeolite 5A, PEI/zeolite 5A and LiNO3/zeolite 5A) were tested by using the synthetic biogas (45% CO2, 10% N2, 45% CH4 and 105 mg dm–3 of H2S). The performance of CO2 and H2S adsorption results have shown that PEI/CVD/GAC is the best adsorbent for low concentration of H2S and LiNO3/5A is the best adsorbent for CO2 adsorption. The purity of the outlet methane was 96.6%, 97.3%, 98.1%, 81.53%, 80.6% and 93.6% for zeolite 5A, LiNO3/5A, PEI/5A, GAC, LiNO3/CVD/GAC and PEI/CVD/GAC, respectively. The selectivity in the H2S/CH4 ratio of GAC is higher than zeolite 5A. The adsorption selectivity of the CO2/ CH4 ratio of LiNO3/5A is higher than GAC.

Production of Slow Release Fertilizer from Waste Materials

This chapter aims to study the feasibility to produce slow release fertilizer from waste materials. Three waste materials i.e. leonardite, zeolite and rice straw were utilized. Four formulations of slow release fertilizer were prepared by using different compositions of leonardite, leonardite and zeolite, leonardite and rice straw and leonardite, zeolite and rice straw. The nutrient contents of each formulation were adjusted in order to relate to those of the N13:P13:K13 commercial slow release fertilizer by the addition of fertilizer materials. Bentonite was applied at 10 wt% to act as a binder. All four formulations of slow release fertilizer were coated with resin. Morphologies of the coated and uncoated formulation surfaces were revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the N, P, K nutrients release contents were also determined. The results indicated that the uncoated formulations have the N, P, K release contents higher than the coated formulations and the commercial slow release fertilizer. The slow release fertilizer formulations without zeolite (sample 2) have N, P, K nutrient release contents slower than with zeolite (samples 1 and 3). However, the N, P, K nutrient release rates are still high comparing to the commercial slow release fertilizer. Moreover, the coated formulation has the nutrient release contents as well as the commercial slow release fertilizer especially for the formulation with zeolite (formulations 1 and 3). According to the morphologies revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, many pores were found on the uncoated formulations in contrast to the coated formulations and the commercial slow release fertilizer, which have smooth surfaces.

Cross-cultural and Environmental Data Analysis in Data Mining Processes for a Global Resilient Society

Humankind faces a most crucial mission; we must end eavour, on a global scale, to restore and improve our natural an d social environments. In this environmental study, we will use context-dependent differential computation to analyse changes in various factors (temperatures, c olours, level of CO2, habitats, sea levels, coral areas, etc.). In this paper, we w ill discuss a global environmental computing methodology for analysing the diversity o f nature and animals, using a large amount of information on global environments.

Slow Release Fertilizer Prepared from Leonardite and Zeolite

This research aims to develop slow release fertilizers by using Leonardite and Zeolite. Two formulations of slow release fertilizer were prepared namely the Leonardite and Zeolite slow release fertilizer and the Leonardite slow release fertilizer. Theirnutrient releasing rates were investigated and comparedwith that of the commercially availableslow release fertilizer which contained N8:P24:K24.Specifically the slow release fertilizers were formulated from leonardite, zeolite and other fertilizer materials such as ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride. Each formulation was then pelletized and baked at 100°C for 1 hr to remove water; then they were kilned at 150°C for 1 hr. All the kilned fertilizers were analyzed subsequently by using the Fertilizer Test Kit (KU.5) to determine the releasing rates of the main N, P and K nutrients. Each fertilizer was immersed in distilled water and shakenat the speed of 150 rpm for 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr and 2 hr. The nutrients released into the distilled water were determined following the standard methodology. The results indicated that the nutrient releasing rates of the slow release fertilizer prepared from Leonardite and Zeolite were less than those observed in the commercial fertilizer.

The Effect of pH in the Tap Water on Nutrient Release from Slow Release Fertilizers

The objective of this research is to study the nutrient release behaviors on slow release fertilizer (Osmocote® N13:P13:K13, 3 month release formulation). The fertilizer was added into distilled water which adjusted pH of 6.5 and 7.5. The nutrient release behaviors were determined by collecting samples every 1 week and analyzed the nutrient contents in samples by scientific methods. As the result, for the total N release behavior, it may be considered that at lower pH condition tended to release more than that at higher one, for the P (shown by P2O5) and K (shown by K2O) release behaviors may be high at high pH condition.