Peter Bengtsson

Planning working environment and production by using paper drawings and computer animation

It is assumed that pictorial visualization can be used to facilitate communication between industrial professionals when planning working environments and production. This article analyses how managers, supervisors, machine operators, and occupational health and safety officials, accustomed to using both paper drawings and computer animation of both shop floor and workplace view, evaluate these four types of visualization in relation to a set of planning issues. Twenty-four subjects participated in a controlled two-day planning workshop. They designed a new production layout by means of computer graphics, and responded to a questionnaire. From the analysis it may be concluded that the four types of visualization are unique enough to be evaluated differently with regard to some of the planning issues. Hence, great care should be devoted to analysing what features a visualization of a production layout or a working environment aims at illustrating. Furthermore, it can be concluded that each of the four type...

Extended analysis of the spectrum and term system of He-like carbon

This paper reports an investigation of the spectrum and term system of He-like carbon, C V. A total of 97 lines in the 30-5000 AA interval are now identified by combining previously known data with many newly observed transitions obtained by the beam-foil technique and from observations at the JET tokamak. From this experimental material 48 energy levels are established, and the ionization limit is determined to 3162 408+or-20 cm-1. The QED contribution to this value is estimated to -166+or-20 cm-1 and agrees, within the error limits, with recent theoretical results. Series formulae are also presented allowing accurate extrapolations of the observed term system.

Computer-Aided Planning of Production, Working and Residential Environments

This paper discusses a computer-aided planning methodology and its applicability for planning of industrial production and working environments as well as for planning of residential and working environments for the differently abled. The methodology has been developed and evaluated in six case studies in mechanical industries and in six case studies related to adaptations for the differently abled. The results from the case studies indicate that computer-supported modelling and visualisation may serve as a common and efficient language facilitating communication about multifaceted environmental planning issues. The methodology is a cost-effective way of demonstrating layout ideas and testing dynamic activities like manufacturing and transportation. Corporate groups comprising people involved in, or affected by, development work seem to be a fruitful approach for cooperation, one which enhances learning and creativity. Such groups may be a proper forum for the dissemination of information, exchange of opinions, utilisation of both expert and lay experiences, and for public testing of current reality or future plans in such a way that mutual understanding between different professional categories is increased, hence promoting internal commitment. (Less)

The 2p43s, 3p and 3d configurations in Ar X

The spectrum of nine times ionized argon, Ar X, has been studied in the wavelength range 500-800 A using the beam-foil technique. Twenty-eight new lines of the type 3s-3p and 3p-3d have been identified, and 40 energy levels in the 2p43s, 3p and 3d configurations are established by combining the newly observed transitions with previously known data. The identifications are supported by isoelectronic comparisons of wavenumbers, energy levels and Slater parameters along the isoelectronic sequence.

Extended analysis of intensity anomalies in the Al I isoelectronic sequence

This paper reports an extended experimental investigation, using the beamfoil technique, of the intensity ratio of the fine-structure components in the 3s23p 2P1/2,3/2–3s3p2 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 resonance transitions along the Al I isoelectronic sequence. These intensity ratios are strongly influenced by cancellation/enhancement effects arising from spin-orbit induced level mixings, and are thus sensitive probes of the detailed atomic structure. New data are given for Si II, P III, S IV, K VII, Sc IX, Fe XIV and Ni XVI. Together with previous experimental results this comprehensive isoelectronic study reveals significant and systematic deviations from theoretical predictions.

Cooperation in Planning of Production and Working Environments Supported by Computer Graphics

A methodology for studying change processes in working life combining computer-aided planning and cooperation in project groups is evaluated. The methodology is applied and studied in a planning workshop with representatives from manufacturing industries—managers, production engineers, supervisors as well as shop floor workers—and from health-and-safety agencies utilizing the methodology for planning of production, layout, and working environment. The results are presented and discussed with respect to cooperation in project groups, outline of proposals, topics of discussion, and pictures as planning tools.

Experimental investigation of atomic lifetimes for the 2p53l levels in Ne-like sulphur

This paper reports an experimental investigation of lifetimes of the 2p53l levels in S VII, using the beam-foil method. Results are also given for some levels belonging to the 2p54p, 4f and 5g configurations. All 3l lifetimes are obtained after extensive cascade corrections utilizing the non-linear ANDC technique along the decay chain 2p6–2p53s–3p–3d–4f–5g. This work is the first investigation in the Ne-sequence to incorporate cascade corrections also for the 3d levels, and this is found to reduce the lifetimes by about 20% compared to previous experimental studies. For the very rapid 3s 1P1 decay, which is measured using the resonance transition at 72 A, we find that subtraction of the foil-position dependent background is important for a proper analysis and that this correction leads to a reduction in the evaluated lifetime by about 15%. With these experimental improvements all 3l lifetimes obtained are in good general agreement with recent theoretical predictions.

Experimental investigation of J-dependent lifetimes in the quartet terms of the 2s2p3p and 2s2p3d configurations in O IV

The paper reports lifetime measurements of quartet levels in the 2s2p3p and 2s2p3d configurations in B-like oxygen, O IV, by means of the beam-foil technique. Reliable decay-times are obtained by explicitly including the dominant cascade repopulation in the decay curve analyses through the non-linear ANDC method. Different fine-structure levels in the 3p 4D and 3d 4F terms are found to have significantly different lifetimes due to the occurrence of spin-forbidden and Delta L=2 combinations, respectively. A comparison of the experimental 3p 4D and 3d 4F lifetimes in N III, O IV and F V with recently published theoretical results shows an overall agreement but also some surprising discrepancies.

Determination of ps lifetimes by the beam-foil technique at MeV energies

With the new experimental set-up for beam-foil spectroscopy at the University of Lund atomic lifetimes down to about 10 ps are straight forward to measure at MeV energies. In this paper we discuss the modelling of the observed decay curves, including the effects of the finite spatial resolution of the monochromator and shadowing by the foil, that is necessary to obtain ps or even sub-ps lifetimes. The detailed model presented is based on measureable geometric quantities only and is found to accurately reproduce observed data. We conclude that the uncertainty in the shape of the foil surface is an important factor setting the low-lifetime limit for this method of analysis.

Relative excitation functions for low‐lying and core‐excited levels of S IV‐S XI populated by the beam‐foil interaction

We have investigated the relative‐excited and core‐excited levels of various charge states of Sulphur. The Pelletron tandem acceleraton in Lund has been used to provide beams of Sulphur ions between 2 and 10 MeV. After the beam‐foil interaction, photons from the de‐exciting levels were analyzed with a 1 meter normal incidence spectrometer in the wavelength range 550–790 A. This region contains many lines from both singly and core‐excited levels. The spectral intensities have been corrected for the average charge state distributions after the foil. Some emphasis will be place on the relative population of singly and core‐excited levels within a given charge state.