Peter J. Hugill

A GIS-based spatial analysis on neighborhood effects and voter turn-out: a case study in College Station, Texas

Abstract This paper examines individual voter turn-out and its putative relationship with voting outcomes at the voting precinct level. Via a GIS-based address matching procedure, we were able to georeference individual voters (registered voters who casted their votes) and non-voters (those registered voters who did not cast their votes) for three recent local referenda in College Station, Texas. We then conducted a scale-sensitive, second-order spatial analysis for the spatial distribution of voter turn-outs, followed by a spatial clustering analysis of the voting results using Getis–Ord’s G i statistic. We found that the extent of neighborhood effects in local elections is heavily influenced by the voter turn-out. If voter turn-out is clustered at intermediate and large scale, voting results tend to be clustered and also exhibit a sharp polarization between high and low values. If voter turn-out tends to be uniform/regular at intermediate scales but randomly distributed at both small and large scales, there appears to be less clustering in the voting results and thus lack of the neighborhood effect. If the voter turn-out pattern is mixed-uniform/regular at the small scale, random at the intermediate scale, but clustered at the large scale, the voting results show a stronger neighborhood effect.

Good Roads and the Automobile in the United States 1880-1929

HE widespread adoption of the automobile by Americans in the early decades of the twentieth century resulted from the development of a major technical and socioeconomic complex during the late nineteenth century. The technical and socioeconomic elements of that complex were equally important. The interplay between them created conditions that allowed the use of the automobile to diffuse from a small economic elite to the rest of American

English Landscape Tastes in the United States

Landscape tastes in the United States are heavily anglicized. English landscape tastes easily diffused into the colonies, but restrictions of capital and labor were factors in creation of a nationalistic landscape during the republican era. Anglicization renewed after the Civil War when a complex diffusion process included reliable intercontinental exchanges, increased wealth, and photographic-printing techniques for mass-

Structural changes in the core regions of the world-economy, 1830–1945

As Britain lost global hegemony in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, first two, then three powers competed for her position. Each power followed a different path toward hegemonic status in the capitalist world-system. Japan adopted the British model of a system based on seaborne trade, in particular in such products ofan extensive tropical and sub-tropical agriculture as cotton and rubber. An intensive and productive rice agriculture avoided the need for much food importation. The Northern States of America, after the Civil War, increasingly detached the cotton-producing, sub-tropical Southern states from the British periphery and attached them to her own but without structurally changing the agrarian labor system of the South. Extensive production was typical, but America still had huge surpluses for agrarian exports after the needs of American industry were met. The American version of the British world-system was not, however, subject to geo-strategic disruption by naval warfare. Germany pursued the most innovative strategy. An intensive research-based, highly technified agriculture developed at home. Substitutes for both domestic and tropical crops were found through the application of skills from chemistry and physics. Germanys success, and the subsequent diffusion of German technology to the rest of the world, brings Wallersteins model of the capitalist world-system into question, at least after 1940.

The rediscovery of America: Elite automobile touring

Abstract The automobile has radically changed tourist habits this century. In the first decade it was enthusiastically embraced by a small, wealthy elite. In America this elite “rediscovered” the romantic northeastern scenery painted by the Hudson Valley School of artists. This process is documented both in the general elite tourist literature of the period and in a specific case study from an elite summer colony. In the second decade “mass followed class.” Cheaper automobiles allowed the middle classes to follow the elite tourists of the first decade. The elite began to lose interest in the automobile as something exclusive to them, and turned their attention to the possibilities for touring of aviation.

Imperialism and manliness in Edwardian boys’ novels

After 1870 mass education and the rise of mass literacy began to create a huge market for juvenile literature in the industrial world in the form of weekly papers and novels. Sales in the tens of millions were realized by some authors. By the early twentieth century this market had matured, gendered, segmented, and regionalized. British boys’ juvenile novels from such authors as Henty stressed the link between manliness, sports, communal and Christian responsibility and empire. The empire was the dominant site of individual social advancement. Sexuality was to be deferred until marriage. American juveniles from such authors as Stratemeyer stressed manliness, individuality, teamwork, the Anglo-Saxon compact and technology. Technology was the dominant site of individual social advancement. With the Spanish-American War American boys’ juveniles started to teach that, contrary to America’s past stand against imperialism, America had a moral right to become an imperial power and should learn such behaviour from Britain. From 1898 to 1912 American juveniles taught that, as Britain declined, America was shifting from the junior to the senior partner in the Anglo-Saxon compact.

Transitions in Hegemony: A Theory Based on State Type and Technology

A critical question for world-system theory is what level of predictability there is for hegemonic transitions in the world system. I argue here, on the basis of historical experience, that a proper theory of hegemonic transitions needs to account for several types of transition. At heart, the types of polities competing shape the transition through their internal struggle to control the levers of state power in the states they occupy. The two dominant state types that result from these struggles are trading states and territorial states. In the past 500 years or so of the operation of the modern world system it is noticeable that all of the major trading states have been, or have been trending toward, capitalist forms of economic and social organization. The territorial states have tended to be, or have been trending toward, more statist forms of economic and social organization. At its simplest, two state types give us three basic types of transition: Type I between a trading and a territorial state; Type II between two trading states; and Type III between two territorial states. In reality most transitions are more complex than this.

Reading Gerry Kearns¿ Geopolitics and Empire: The Legacy of Halford Mackinder

List of Figures and Tables Introduction: A Return to Empire 1. Geopolitics and Empire 2. An Imperial Subject 3. Making Space for Darwin 4. Manly Endeavours 5. Theorising Imperialism 6. Teaching Imperialism 7. Practising Imperialism 8. Conservative Geopolitics 9. Progressive Geopolitics Bibliography Index

GERMAN GREAT–POWER RELATIONS IN THE PAGES OF SIMPLICISSIMUS, 1896–1914*

ABSTRACT. Wilhelmine Germany had a powerful economy and, after 1898, began construction of a fleet to challenge Great Britains global power. This article analyses Germanys cultural “will to power” in the period through the eyes of the avant‐garde, Munich‐published weekly magazine Simplicissimus as it examined the series of security crises between 1896 and the outbreak of war in 1914. The magazine was no fan of Wilhelmine militarism, its principal artist having been jailed for criticism of the kaiser, but it showed a deep support for Germanys rise to power on moral grounds. Many illustrations dealt with global power projection through the navy and the need for a suitable security partner within Europe. Its illustrators depicted Great Britain as an immoral world power only Germany might check and France as its preferred security partner to keep Europe at peace.

The Geographical Imagination in America, 1880-1950 (review)

Sunday but too little about the immutable elements that continued to give the day its particular power in the culture. Nonetheless, Holy Days, Holiday offers ane-grained pictures of moments and settings that illustrate the intricate ways in which America adapted Sunday to its multiplying needs for leisure, rest, spiritual renewal, and anancial gain. McCrossen conarms in her analysis not only the complexity of the modern Sunday but the fact that its nature was complicated from the very beginning.