Peter J. Neumann

Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine

1. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis as a Guide to Resource Allocation in Health: Roles and Limitations 2. Theoretical Foundations of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 3. Framing and Designing the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 4. Identifying and Valuing Outcomes 5. Assessing the Effectiveness of Health Interventions 6. Estimating Costs in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 7. Time Preference 8. Reflecting Uncertainty in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 9. Reporting Cost-Effectiveness Studies and Results Appendix A: Summary of Recommendations for the Reference Case Appendix B: Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies to Prevent Neural Tube Defects Appendix C: The Cost-Effectiveness of Dietary and Pharmacologic Therapy for Cholesterol Reduction in Adults

Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers

Pollinators are a key component of global biodiversity, providing vital ecosystem services to crops and wild plants. There is clear evidence of recent declines in both wild and domesticated pollinators, and parallel declines in the plants that rely upon them. Here we describe the nature and extent of reported declines, and review the potential drivers of pollinator loss, including habitat loss and fragmentation, agrochemicals, pathogens, alien species, climate change and the interactions between them. Pollinator declines can result in loss of pollination services which have important negative ecological and economic impacts that could significantly affect the maintenance of wild plant diversity, wider ecosystem stability, crop production, food security and human welfare.

Updating Cost-Effectiveness — The Curious Resilience of the

The ratio of

50,000-per-QALY Threshold

50,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained by using a given health care intervention has long served as a benchmark for the value of U.S. health care. But evidence suggests that it is too low and might best be thought of as an implied lower boundary.

Honey bee colony losses

Apis mellifera, colony losses. honey bee, Varroa destructor Journal of Apicultural Research 49(1): 1-6 (2010)

Bias in published cost effectiveness studies: systematic review

Abstract Objective To investigate if published studies tend to report favourable cost effectiveness ratios (below

Systematic Overview of Cost-Utility Assessments in Oncology

20 000,

Declines of managed honey bees and beekeepers in Europe

50 000, and

Effectiveness of Chemotherapy for Advanced Lung Cancer in the Elderly: Instrumental Variable and Propensity Analysis

100 000 per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained) and evaluate study characteristics associated with this phenomenon. Design Systematic review. Studies reviewed 494 English language studies measuring health effects in QALYs published up to December 2001 identified using Medline, HealthSTAR, CancerLit, Current Content, and EconLit databases. Main outcome measures Incremental cost effectiveness ratios measured in dollars set to the year of publication. Results Approximately half the reported incremental cost effectiveness ratios (712 of 1433) were below

The Cost of a Successful Delivery with in Vitro Fertilization

20 000/QALY. Studies funded by industry were more likely to report cost effectiveness ratios below