Peter J. Waters

Effect of Photostability of 2-Pyrazoline Fluorescent Whitening Agents on the Rate of Yellowing of Whitened Wool

Sulfonated 2-pyrazolines containing two, three, and four phenyl groups have been synthesized and examined as fluorescent whitening agents for wool. Although the photostability of these whiteners increases as the number of phenyl substituents is increased, the rate of photoyellowing of wool containing these whiteners has been found to be independent of the whitener used. The rate of photoyellowing of wool treated with the diaryl-2-pyrazoline (Ha) increases with increasing whitener concentration up to 0.4% owf and then remains constant up to a concentration of 1.6% owf—the highest level studied.

The Effect of Phenylbenzotriazole Derivatives on the Photoyellowing of Wool

The effects of a range of water-soluble 2 arylbenzotriazoles on the photoyellowing rate of bleached wool have been investigated. Variation in substitution pattern in the 2 aryl ring yielded vastly different effects. Some retardation of photoyellowing is observed with derivatives containing a hydroxyl group ortho to the benzotriazole ring, whereas the rate is accelerated by derivatives devoid of such a suhstituent or with an amino group in this position.

Photoprotection of wool with sulfonated 2-(2′-hydroxyaryl)-2H-benzotriazoles

Abstract A range of phenolic benzotriazolesulfonic acids containing a wide variety of substituents has been synthesized. These compounds protect wool to a significant extent against photo-tendering and, in some cases, against photo-yellowing. The protective effect is dependent on the nature and position of the substituents and is enhanced by (1) locating the sulfonic acid group distant from the hydrogen-bonded phenolic group and (2) placing bulky alkyl groups ortho to this phenolic group. The protective effect of one of the best photostabilizers (II) has been studied in detail and has been found to depend on both the concentration of the photostabilizer and the pH at which it is applied. The photostabilizer (II) also protects dyed wool to some extent against photo-fading as well as against phototendering.

Sulphonated 2-hydroxyphenyl-s-triazines as photo-protective agents for wool

Abstract Three sulphonated 2-hydroxyphenyl- s -triazines have been examined as photo-protective agents for wool. All three uv absorbers conferred protection against photo-tendering caused by exposure either to simulated sunlight or to summer sunlight through window glass. Two of the absorbers also retarded photo-yellowing, but the third accelerated it. The absorbers retarded the photo-tendering and photo-fading of wool fabrics dyed with selected 2:1-premetallised dyes.

Computerized data‐acquisition and processing system for a tensile testing machine

An Apple II Plus microcomputer has been interfaced to an Instron Tensile Testing Machine (Model TM), using BASIC software, allowing automatic aquisition of data.