Peter Kaulicke

A Re-Appraisal of the Early Andean Human Remains from Lauricocha in Peru

The discovery of human remains from the Lauricocha cave in the Central Andean highlands in the 1960’s provided the first direct evidence for human presence in the high altitude Andes. The skeletons found at this site were ascribed to the Early to Middle Holocene and represented the oldest known population of Western South America, and thus were used in several studies addressing the early population history of the continent. However, later excavations at Lauricocha led to doubts regarding the antiquity of the site. Here, we provide new dating, craniometric, and genetic evidence for this iconic site. We obtained new radiocarbon dates, generated complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear SNP data from five individuals, and re-analyzed the human remains of Lauricocha to revise the initial morphological and craniometric analysis conducted in the 1960’s. We show that Lauricocha was indeed occupied in the Early to Middle Holocene but the temporal spread of dates we obtained from the human remains show that they do not qualify as a single contemporaneous population. However, the genetic results from five of the individuals fall within the spectrum of genetic diversity observed in pre-Columbian and modern Native Central American populations.

From foraging to farming in the Andes : new perspectives on food production and social organization

Foreword Peter Kaulicke 1. Introduction Tom D. Dillehay 2. Research history, methods, and site types Tom D. Dillehay, Kary Stackelbeck, Jack Rossen and Greg Maggard 3. Pleistocene and Holocene environments Patricia J. Netherly 4. El Palto phase Greg Maggard and Tom D. Dillehay 5. Las Pircas phase Jack Rossen 6. Tierra Blanca phase Kary Stackelbeck and Tom D. Dillehay 7. Preceramic mounds and hillside villages Tom D. Dillehay, Patricia J. Netherly and Jack Rossen 8. Human remains John Verano and Jack Rossen 9. Preceramic plant use Jack Rossen 10. Faunal remains Kary Stackelbeck 11. Material cultures Tom D. Dillehay, Greg Maggard, Jack Rossen and Kary Stackelbeck 12. Forager and farming land use systems Tom D. Dillehay 13. From foraging to farming and community development Tom D. Dillehay, Jack Rossen and Kary Stackelbeck 14. Northern Peruvian early and middle preceramic agriculture in Central and South American context Dolores Piperno 15. Conclusions Tom D. Dillehay Appendix 1. Radiocarbon dates from the study area Appendix 2. Dry forests and biomes of the coastal valleys and lower western slopes of northwestern Peru Patricia J. Netherly Appendix 3. Stable carbon isotopes Patricia J. Netherly Appendix 4. Faunal remains from all phases Kary Stackelbeck.

Memoria historiografiada y memoria materializada. Problemas en la percepción del pasado andino preeuropeo

This paper enquires how different types of memory relate to history, and applies resulting concepts to reach a greater understanding of the way the Incas might have envisioned their past. A series of levels are formulated in this manner, ordering the past into cycles that link the world of the gods with the “historical” Incas. Memory is fundamental to the reinforcement of the ruler and his future role as ancestor. Hence, ‘ancestralization’ is basic to the legitimation and perpetuation of power. The cases of Pisac and Sipan reveal forms of ancestralizing the landscape and corporality that are differently faceted, with conceptual differences and their links to the elite. Memory comes into being with elites and shares their downfall, but it always retains or reuses parts of previous memories.