Peter Läderach

Climate change adaptation of coffee production in space and time

Coffee is grown in more than 60 tropical countries on over 11 million ha by an estimated 25 million farmers, most of whom are smallholders. Several regional studies demonstrate the climate sensitivity of coffee (Coffea arabica) and the likely impact of climate change on coffee suitability, yield, increased pest and disease pressure and farmers’ livelihoods. The objectives of this paper are (i) to quantify the impact of progressive climate change to grow coffee and to produce high quality coffee in Nicaragua and (ii) to develop an adaptation framework across time and space to guide adaptation planning. We used coffee location and cup quality data from Nicaragua in combination with the Maxent and CaNaSTA crop suitability models, the WorldClim historical data and the CMIP3 global circulation models to predict the likely impact of climate change on coffee suitability and quality. We distinguished four different impact scenarios: Very high (coffee disappears), high (large negative changes), medium (little negative changes) and increase (positive changes) in climate suitability. During the Nicaraguan coffee roundtable, most promising adaptation strategies were identified, which we then used to develop a two-dimensional adaptation framework for coffee in time and space. Our analysis indicates that incremental adaptation may occur over short-term horizons at lower altitudes, whereas the same areas may undergo transformative adaptation in the longer term. At higher elevations incremental adaptation may be needed in the long term. The same principle and framework is applicable across coffee growing regions around the world.

Playing Out Transformative Adaptation in CCAFS Benchmark Sites in East Africa: "When, Where, How and With Whom?"

Several climate change adaptation strategies were suggested for the Lushoto site. Including engaging community groups to build terraces (matuta ya ngazi) to stop soil erosion; knowledge sharing on best practices for composting farm yard manure for application on the farm to increase soil organic matter; working with the national tree planting program and provide input on contour planting; increasing awareness on zero-grazing; introduce legumious cover crops to improve soil health and reduce erosion; among others. Increased knowledge sharing between researchers, farmers and extension agents was highlighted as an important activity.