Peter Städtler

Active versus passive microleakage of Resilon/Epiphany and gutta-percha/AH Plus

The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the active versus passive dye microleakage and apical sealing ability of laterally condensed gutta-percha/AH Plus versus Resilon/Epiphany. One hundred and twenty teeth were instrumented and divided into experimental, positive and negative control groups. In group 1, the teeth were obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus and in group 2 the teeth were obturated with Resilon/Epiphany. The apical seal was evaluated with a passive and active dye penetration test. Absorbance of the extracted dye was determined with a spectrophotometer. Resilon/Epiphany showed less dye penetration in comparison with the gutta-percha/AH Plus group (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the passive and active dye penetration tests (P > 0.05). In this in vitro study, canals obturated with Resilon/Epiphany showed less apical leakage than those obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, regardless of the type of dye penetration test used.

Difference in the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth between the samples of Croatian and Austrian adult patients

Aim To compare the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth between Austrian and Croatian adult patients and determine its relation to age, sex, position of teeth, and length of root canal filling. Methods The study was conducted from 2007 to 2009 at two university dental clinics and included 163 Croatian (412 teeth) and 101 Austrian (430 teeth) patients. We assessed the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth by using the periapical index system and determined its relation to age, sex, position of teeth, and length of root canal filling. Results Austrian patients had a greater number of diseased endodontically treated teeth than Croatian patients (P = 0.001). In the age group 31-40 years, Austrian patients had apical periodontitis significantly more often (22.1% vs 12.2%, P < 0.001) than Croatian patients. In relation to sex and position of teeth, no significant difference was found between the two groups. In Croatian patients, apical periodontitis was significantly more often present in molar than premolar (46.2% vs 29.7%, P = 0.022) and front teeth (46.2% vs 24.1%, P < 0.001). In Austrian patients, apical periodontitis was significantly more often present in molar and premolar than front teeth (molar-front teeth: 38.2% vs 25.5%, P = 0.011; premolar-front teeth: 36.3% vs 25.5%, P = 0.029). Croatian and Austrian patients significantly differed in the number of adequately filled and underfilled teeth with AP (both P<0.001). Conclusion Apical periodontitis was significantly more present in endodontically treated teeth in Austrian patients. The difference in the periapical status between Croatian and Austrian patients was most related to age and length of root canal filling.

Histology and intramandibular course of the inferior alveolar nerve

The morphology of the inferior alveolar nerve is a very important factor for all surgical procedures in the mandibular region. The aim of this anatomical and histological study was to describe the intramandibular course and the microscopic histology of the inferior alveolar nerve in the dissected human cadaver. Twenty partially dentulous hemimandible specimens from human cadavers were dissected and embalmed, and the findings were interpreted by standard and histological imaging. The result of this study showed that the inferior alveolar nerve comprises two larger nerves that are separately wrapped in perineural sheaths and spirally twisted around each other. The mental nerve exits through the mental foramen in the premolar region and the dental nerve continues from the premolar region as the incisive nerve in the incisive canal. These findings provide relevant data for clinical dentistry, especially when planning oral and dental operative treatment procedures in the mandibular region.

Arterial blood architecture of the maxillary sinus in dentate specimens.

Aim To describe vascular anatomy of the maxillary sinus in dentate specimens dissected from human cadavers. Methods Twenty dentate maxillary specimens were dissected, anatomically prepared, and injected with liquid latex for a better visualization of the maxillary sinus artery. Results We found an intraosseous anastomosis in 100% and an extraosseous anastomosis in 90% of the cases. The anterior lateral wall of the maxillary sinus was transversed by two anastomoses between the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and the infraorbital artery (IOA). The PSAA was divided into a gingival and dental branch. The gingival branch anastomosed with the terminal extraosseous branch of the extraosseous anastomosis (EOA) and the dental branch with the intraosseous branch of the intraosseous anastomosis (IOA). The mean distances from the alveolar ridge to the extraosseus anastomosis were 16 mm for the second maxillary molar, 12.3 mm for the first maxillary molar, and 13.1 mm for the second maxillary premolar. The mean distances from the intraosseous anastomosis to the alveolar ridge were 17.7 mm for the second maxillary molar, 14.5 mm for the first maxillary molar, and 14.66 mm for the second maxillary premolar. Conclusion These findings provide relevant data for clinical dentistry in order to avoid bleeding complications and minimize the risk of injury to the arterial network of the maxillary sinus during surgical procedures in the dentate maxilla region.

Radiographic versus electronic root canal working length determination

PURPOSE The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the accuracy of radiographic and electronic root canal length determination methods, compared with actual root canal length obtained with stereomicroscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty extracted single-rooted permanent teeth were used for this study. After access preparation, actual length (AL) of the root canal were determined for each tooth by inserting a #15 file until the tip of the file was visible at the apical foramen under a stereomicroscope. The radiographic working length determination was determined with a digital radiographic system and for the electronic measurement all teeth were embedded in an alginate model to test apex locator in-vitro. Data was analyzed using the descriptive statistic and intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS No significant difference was found between the radiographic and electronic root canal working length determination (P>0.05). The percentage of electronic measurements within ± 0.5 mm to the apical constriction was 93.34% and 90% for radiographic methods within ± 0.5 mm of all cases compared with AL. CONCLUSIONS The present ex vivo study showed that electronic root canal working length determination is not superior to radiographic methods. Both methods provided a good performance in determining the root canal working length.

Microleakage of root canal fillings with GuttaFlow and Resilon compared with lateral condensation

SummaryEpiphany/Resilon™ and GuttaFlow® are newly developed methods for obturation of the root canal system. Epiphany/Resilon™ is a thermoplastic, synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material which enables the bonding to the dentin root canal wall during root canal obturation. GuttaFlow® is a cold flowable filling system for the obturation of root canals, combining sealer and gutta-percha in one product. The purpose of this study was to assess the leakage of the Epiphany/Resilon™ or GuttaFlow® root canal filling compared with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. For this study were used 45 human extracted teeth, chemo mechanically prepared, divided into three groups and obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon™ and GuttaFlow®. For dye penetration all teeth were centrifuged for three minutes at 30 g in 2% methylene blue and dissolved in 65% nitric acid for 3 days. The extracted methylene blue was determined with Photometer. Root Canal fillings with Epiphany/Resilon™ showed less dye penetration than lateral condensation of gutta-percha and GuttaFlow®. Epiphany/Resilon™ is ideally suited as a root canal filling material.ZusammenfassungEpiphany/Resilon™ und GuttaFlow® sind neu entwickelte Methoden zur Obturation des Wurzelkanalsystems. Epiphany/Resilon™ ist ein thermoplastisches, synthetisches Wurzelfüllungsmaterial auf Polymerbasis, mit dem eine Haftung am Dentin der Wurzelkanalwand ermöglicht werden soll. GuttaFlow® ist ein Kaltfüllsystem für Wurzelkanäle, welches Sealer und Guttapercha in einem Produkt vereint. Es wurde untersucht, ob mit Epiphany/Resilon™ oder GuttaFlow® eine dichtere Wurzelkanalfüllung erzielt werden kann als mit der lateralen Kondensation von Guttapercha. Für diese Studie wurden 45 extrahierte menschliche Zähne verwendet, welche zuerst alle chemomechanisch aufbereitet wurden und anschließend in drei Gruppen aufgeteilt und mit folgenden Materialien gefüllt: Guttapercha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon™ und GuttaFlow®. Beim Farbstoffpenetrationstest wurden alle Zähne bei 400 U/min 3 Min. lang mit 1 ml 2 % Methylenblau zentrifugiert und 3 Tage in Salpetersäure 65 % gelegt, um sie aufzulösen. Danach wurde die Menge des in Lösung gegangenen Farbstoffs im Photometer bestimmt. Wurzelkanalfüllungen mit Epiphany/Resilon™ zeigten weniger Farbstoffpenetration als Wurzelkanalfüllungen mit lateraler Kondensation von Guttapercha und GuttaFlow®. Epiphany/Resilon™ ist hervorragend als Wurzelkanalfüllmaterial geeignet.Epiphany/Resilon and GuttaFlow are newly developed methods for obturation of the root canal system. Epiphany/Resilon is a thermoplastic, synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material which enables the bonding to the dentin root canal wall during root canal obturation. GuttaFlow is a cold flowable filling system for the obturation of root canals, combining sealer and gutta-percha in one product. The purpose of this study was to assess the leakage of the Epiphany/Resilon or GuttaFlow root canal filling compared with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. For this study were used 45 human extracted teeth, chemo mechanically prepared, divided into three groups and obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon and GuttaFlow. For dye penetration all teeth were centrifuged for three minutes at 30 g in 2% methylene blue and dissolved in 65% nitric acid for 3 days. The extracted methylene blue was determined with Photometer. Root Canal fillings with Epiphany/Resilon showed less dye penetration than lateral condensation of gutta-percha and GuttaFlow. Epiphany/Resilon is ideally suited as a root canal filling material.

Active versus passive microleakage of Resilon/Epiphany and gutta-percha/AH Plus: Microleakage of Resilon/Epiphany

The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the active versus passive dye microleakage and apical sealing ability of laterally condensed gutta-percha/AH Plus versus Resilon/Epiphany. One hundred and twenty teeth were instrumented and divided into experimental, positive and negative control groups. In group 1, the teeth were obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus and in group 2 the teeth were obturated with Resilon/Epiphany. The apical seal was evaluated with a passive and active dye penetration test. Absorbance of the extracted dye was determined with a spectrophotometer. Resilon/Epiphany showed less dye penetration in comparison with the gutta-percha/AH Plus group (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the passive and active dye penetration tests (P > 0.05). In this in vitro study, canals obturated with Resilon/Epiphany showed less apical leakage than those obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, regardless of the type of dye penetration test used.

Active versus passive microleakage of Epiphany/Resilon and gutta-percha/Ah Plus

The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the active versus passive dye microleakage and apical sealing ability of laterally condensed gutta-percha/AH Plus versus Resilon/Epiphany. One hundred and twenty teeth were instrumented and divided into experimental, positive and negative control groups. In group 1, the teeth were obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus and in group 2 the teeth were obturated with Resilon/Epiphany. The apical seal was evaluated with a passive and active dye penetration test. Absorbance of the extracted dye was determined with a spectrophotometer. Resilon/Epiphany showed less dye penetration in comparison with the gutta-percha/AH Plus group (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the passive and active dye penetration tests (P > 0.05). In this in vitro study, canals obturated with Resilon/Epiphany showed less apical leakage than those obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, regardless of the type of dye penetration test used.

Dichtigkeit von Wurzelkanalfüllungen mit GuttaFlow® und Resilon™ im Vergleich zur lateralen Kondensation

SummaryEpiphany/Resilon™ and GuttaFlow® are newly developed methods for obturation of the root canal system. Epiphany/Resilon™ is a thermoplastic, synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material which enables the bonding to the dentin root canal wall during root canal obturation. GuttaFlow® is a cold flowable filling system for the obturation of root canals, combining sealer and gutta-percha in one product. The purpose of this study was to assess the leakage of the Epiphany/Resilon™ or GuttaFlow® root canal filling compared with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. For this study were used 45 human extracted teeth, chemo mechanically prepared, divided into three groups and obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon™ and GuttaFlow®. For dye penetration all teeth were centrifuged for three minutes at 30 g in 2% methylene blue and dissolved in 65% nitric acid for 3 days. The extracted methylene blue was determined with Photometer. Root Canal fillings with Epiphany/Resilon™ showed less dye penetration than lateral condensation of gutta-percha and GuttaFlow®. Epiphany/Resilon™ is ideally suited as a root canal filling material.ZusammenfassungEpiphany/Resilon™ und GuttaFlow® sind neu entwickelte Methoden zur Obturation des Wurzelkanalsystems. Epiphany/Resilon™ ist ein thermoplastisches, synthetisches Wurzelfüllungsmaterial auf Polymerbasis, mit dem eine Haftung am Dentin der Wurzelkanalwand ermöglicht werden soll. GuttaFlow® ist ein Kaltfüllsystem für Wurzelkanäle, welches Sealer und Guttapercha in einem Produkt vereint. Es wurde untersucht, ob mit Epiphany/Resilon™ oder GuttaFlow® eine dichtere Wurzelkanalfüllung erzielt werden kann als mit der lateralen Kondensation von Guttapercha. Für diese Studie wurden 45 extrahierte menschliche Zähne verwendet, welche zuerst alle chemomechanisch aufbereitet wurden und anschließend in drei Gruppen aufgeteilt und mit folgenden Materialien gefüllt: Guttapercha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon™ und GuttaFlow®. Beim Farbstoffpenetrationstest wurden alle Zähne bei 400 U/min 3 Min. lang mit 1 ml 2 % Methylenblau zentrifugiert und 3 Tage in Salpetersäure 65 % gelegt, um sie aufzulösen. Danach wurde die Menge des in Lösung gegangenen Farbstoffs im Photometer bestimmt. Wurzelkanalfüllungen mit Epiphany/Resilon™ zeigten weniger Farbstoffpenetration als Wurzelkanalfüllungen mit lateraler Kondensation von Guttapercha und GuttaFlow®. Epiphany/Resilon™ ist hervorragend als Wurzelkanalfüllmaterial geeignet.Epiphany/Resilon and GuttaFlow are newly developed methods for obturation of the root canal system. Epiphany/Resilon is a thermoplastic, synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material which enables the bonding to the dentin root canal wall during root canal obturation. GuttaFlow is a cold flowable filling system for the obturation of root canals, combining sealer and gutta-percha in one product. The purpose of this study was to assess the leakage of the Epiphany/Resilon or GuttaFlow root canal filling compared with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. For this study were used 45 human extracted teeth, chemo mechanically prepared, divided into three groups and obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon and GuttaFlow. For dye penetration all teeth were centrifuged for three minutes at 30 g in 2% methylene blue and dissolved in 65% nitric acid for 3 days. The extracted methylene blue was determined with Photometer. Root Canal fillings with Epiphany/Resilon showed less dye penetration than lateral condensation of gutta-percha and GuttaFlow. Epiphany/Resilon is ideally suited as a root canal filling material.

Dichtigkeit von Wurzelkanalfüllungen mit GuttaFlow® und Resilon™ im Vergleich zur lateralen Kondensation@@@Microleakage of root canal fillings with GuttaFlow® and Resilon™ compared with lateral condensation

SummaryEpiphany/Resilon™ and GuttaFlow® are newly developed methods for obturation of the root canal system. Epiphany/Resilon™ is a thermoplastic, synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material which enables the bonding to the dentin root canal wall during root canal obturation. GuttaFlow® is a cold flowable filling system for the obturation of root canals, combining sealer and gutta-percha in one product. The purpose of this study was to assess the leakage of the Epiphany/Resilon™ or GuttaFlow® root canal filling compared with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. For this study were used 45 human extracted teeth, chemo mechanically prepared, divided into three groups and obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon™ and GuttaFlow®. For dye penetration all teeth were centrifuged for three minutes at 30 g in 2% methylene blue and dissolved in 65% nitric acid for 3 days. The extracted methylene blue was determined with Photometer. Root Canal fillings with Epiphany/Resilon™ showed less dye penetration than lateral condensation of gutta-percha and GuttaFlow®. Epiphany/Resilon™ is ideally suited as a root canal filling material.ZusammenfassungEpiphany/Resilon™ und GuttaFlow® sind neu entwickelte Methoden zur Obturation des Wurzelkanalsystems. Epiphany/Resilon™ ist ein thermoplastisches, synthetisches Wurzelfüllungsmaterial auf Polymerbasis, mit dem eine Haftung am Dentin der Wurzelkanalwand ermöglicht werden soll. GuttaFlow® ist ein Kaltfüllsystem für Wurzelkanäle, welches Sealer und Guttapercha in einem Produkt vereint. Es wurde untersucht, ob mit Epiphany/Resilon™ oder GuttaFlow® eine dichtere Wurzelkanalfüllung erzielt werden kann als mit der lateralen Kondensation von Guttapercha. Für diese Studie wurden 45 extrahierte menschliche Zähne verwendet, welche zuerst alle chemomechanisch aufbereitet wurden und anschließend in drei Gruppen aufgeteilt und mit folgenden Materialien gefüllt: Guttapercha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon™ und GuttaFlow®. Beim Farbstoffpenetrationstest wurden alle Zähne bei 400 U/min 3 Min. lang mit 1 ml 2 % Methylenblau zentrifugiert und 3 Tage in Salpetersäure 65 % gelegt, um sie aufzulösen. Danach wurde die Menge des in Lösung gegangenen Farbstoffs im Photometer bestimmt. Wurzelkanalfüllungen mit Epiphany/Resilon™ zeigten weniger Farbstoffpenetration als Wurzelkanalfüllungen mit lateraler Kondensation von Guttapercha und GuttaFlow®. Epiphany/Resilon™ ist hervorragend als Wurzelkanalfüllmaterial geeignet.Epiphany/Resilon and GuttaFlow are newly developed methods for obturation of the root canal system. Epiphany/Resilon is a thermoplastic, synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material which enables the bonding to the dentin root canal wall during root canal obturation. GuttaFlow is a cold flowable filling system for the obturation of root canals, combining sealer and gutta-percha in one product. The purpose of this study was to assess the leakage of the Epiphany/Resilon or GuttaFlow root canal filling compared with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. For this study were used 45 human extracted teeth, chemo mechanically prepared, divided into three groups and obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon and GuttaFlow. For dye penetration all teeth were centrifuged for three minutes at 30 g in 2% methylene blue and dissolved in 65% nitric acid for 3 days. The extracted methylene blue was determined with Photometer. Root Canal fillings with Epiphany/Resilon showed less dye penetration than lateral condensation of gutta-percha and GuttaFlow. Epiphany/Resilon is ideally suited as a root canal filling material.