Petr Havel

Optimal Planning of Ancillary Services for Reliable Power Balance Control

This paper presents an overview of a complex approach to optimal planning of ancillary services ensuring reliable power balancing of a transmission system in liberalized market conditions that is performed by a transmission system operator (TSO). To accomplish this goal analytical computations together with optimizations and Monte Carlo simulations are performed. The designed decision support tool serves the TSO not only for a year-ahead planning task but also for carrying out various analyses and sensitivity tests, e.g., how costs of ancillary services are related to the level of reliability. Attention is also paid to mutual substitutability of ancillary services and its impact on transmission system operation and corresponding expenses.

Utilization of Real-Time Balancing Market for Transmission System Control Under Uncertainty

An algorithm facilitating automated purchase of energy on real-time balancing market is proposed in this paper. The main inputs of the algorithm are a prediction of the area control error, its uncertainty in the form of a standard deviation and a set of previously procured ancillary services (contracted power reserves) available for power balance control. The algorithm evaluates all possible power balance scenarios for the closest hour in a probabilistic manner and gives a cost-optimal recommendation for the real-time balancing market demand. A case study on realistic data for the Czech Republic control area was performed by simulation of the power balance control with a Monte Carlo simulator of the Czech transmission system. The results showed potential for savings on the regulation energy costs.

Criteria for evaluation of power balance control performance in UCTE transmission grid

In this paper two criteria for evaluation of power balance control performance in control areas of the UCTE interconnection are proposed: the mean value of Area Control Error (ACE) and the standard deviation of ACE. A methodology for assigning fair values of the two criteria to individual control areas is presented. This methodology ensures that the UCTE grid is operated in a safe manner and no area performs control at the expense of other areas. Since the fair values of the ACE standard deviation depend on a chosen model of ACEs coincidence, two cases were investigated: a model with no coincidence (optimistic one) and a model with full coincidence (pessimistic one).

Analysing demand-side management potential: Situation in Europe and the Czech Republic

Active response of electricity consumers to various conditions in the electric grid is a goal that is envisaged to be achieved within the smart grids concept. This paper attempts to summarize the knowledge obtained from analyses of the demand-side management (DSM) potential in various countries in order to identify potential benefits of introducing the DSM concept in the Czech transmission system. As a first step towards the analysis of the DSM potential in the Czech Republic, the paper provides information available in the literature on the current DSM capabilities of industrial and household consumers in the Czech Republic.

Simulation-based optimization of ancillary services

In this paper a task of finding an optimal set of ancillary services for power balance control is formulated and an algorithm how to solve the optimization task is described. The set of ancillary services is optimal in the sense that it ensures safe, reliable operation of the transmission system under minimal costs for ancillary services purchase on the market. The algorithm relies on a detailed Monte-Carlo simulator of power balance control.

Optimal planning strategy of ancillary services ensuring secure operation of power system

This paper presents an overview of a complex approach to optimal planning of ancillary services ensuring reliable power grid balancing in liberalized market conditions that is performed by the transmission system operator. To accomplish this goal analytical computations together with optimizations and Monte-Carlo simulations are used. Attention is also paid to mutual substitutability of ancillary services and its impact on the grid operation and related expenses.

Optimal dispatch of regulation reserves for power balance control in transmission system

An automatic control concept for power balance control in a transmission system is proposed in this paper. Activation (dispatch) of some regulation reserves traditionally done manually by the operator is substituted by optimization task with an aim to minimize the costs for balancing energy. The optimal dispatch is expected to work on a moving horizon in conjunction with the current PI controller performing secondary frequency control.

Decomposition methods for operations scheduling problem in a combined heat and power plant

This paper provides an overview of methods applicable to the operations scheduling of components in a combined heat and power (CHP) plant. This task deals with determining an economically efficient schedule for individual components building up the thermodynamic cycle of the CHP plant with respect to heat demand, cost of fuel and allowances, electricity price etc. The attention is focused on decomposition methods allowing utilization of further knowledge about the structure of the scheduling problem formulated as a mixed-integer linear program. These techniques are surveyed with an aim to reduce computational demands of the task as state-of-the-art general-purpose solvers are often unable to handle real-world instances of the problem. Concepts of applying the methods to the target problem are also proposed.

Power balance control with utilization of intraday balancing energy market

An algorithm for balancing energy demand generation is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on prediction of the energy imbalance in the transmission system and generates a demand in a form of {volume, price} in such a way that expected regulation energy costs are not increased while taking into account uncertainty in the prediction. Functionality of the proposed algorithm is presented in a case study and possible modifications of the Czech balancing energy market policies are suggested.

Simulation of transmission coefficient through a triangular potential barrier

An analytical expression of the transmission coefficient for the electron transport through a triangular potential barrier has been modified for solution using the method of numerical simulation. The triangular potential barrier has been modelled as a staircase function. The performance of this numerical simulation method is briefly described. The simulation has been developed for personal computer IBM PC AT.