Petr Stránský

Laparoscopic urinary bladder diverticulectomy combined with photoselective vaporisation of the prostate

Introduction Pseudodiverticulum of the urinary bladder is mostly a complication of subvesical obstruction (SO). The gold standard of treatment was open diverticulectomy with adenectomy. A more contemporary resolution is endoscopic, in two steps: the first transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), the second laparoscopic diverticulectomy (LD). Aim To present a one-session procedure – photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP) with LD. Material and methods From 1/2011 to 6/2014, 14 LDs were performed: 1 LD only, 1 with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, 12 combined with treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 4 cases of TURP and LD in the second period. In 8 cases, PVP and LD in one session were combined. These 8 cases are presented. 3D CT cystography was used as a gold standard for assessment of diverticulum. Results The mean age was 66.5 ±5.5 (57.3–75.1) years, the mean size of the diverticulum 61.8 ±22.1 (26–90) mm. The procedure starts in the lithotomy position. It includes PVP and stenting of the ureter(s). Changing of position and laparoscopy follows: four ports, transperitoneal extravesical approach. Photoselective vaporisation of the prostate was performed using the Green Light Laser HPS (1x) or XPS with cooled fibre MoXy (7x). The mean delivered energy in PVP was 205.1 ±106.4 (120–458) kJ. The mean time of operation was 165.0 ±48.5 (90–255) min. No postoperative complications were observed. One patient underwent TUR incision after 1 year for sclerosis of the bladder neck. Conclusions Pseudodiverticulum of the urinary bladder (with or without SO) is a relatively rare disease. One session of PVP (Green Light Laser XPS, MoXy fibre) and laparoscopic (transperitoneal extravesical) diverticulectomy is the preferred method for treatment of subvesical obstruction due to BPH and bladder diverticulum at our institution.

Position of laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery nephrectomy in clinical practice and comparison (matched case-control study) with standard laparoscopic nephrectomy

Introduction One way how to reduce morbidity and improve cosmesic of kidney surgery is single site laparoscopy. Relatively well described concept but without defined position in clincal practise. Aim To report of institutional experience with laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) nephrectomy (NE) and compare (matched case-control study) it with that of standard laparoscopic NE (LNE). Material and methods In the period 8/2011 to 10/2013, we performed 183 mini-invasive NE (132 tumours, 51 benign aetiology); 45 of them (24.6%) were LESS, the rest LNE. The main but not absolute indications for LESS were: non-obese men, and less advanced tumours. In 13 patients undergoing LESS-NEs (28.9%) there was a transumbilical approach. For the rest, a pararectal incision was performed and an accessory port was added in 31.1% (14) – 2/22 (9.1%) left sided, 12/23 (52.2%) right sided. Twenty-four LESS-NE were performed by a more experienced surgeon (mean operation time (MOT) 73.1 min), 21 LESS-NE by 4 other surgeons (MOT 132.8 min). These 24 were compared with 43 LNE done by the same surgeon before the period of LESS (1/2007–8/2011) and with similar characteristics of cases (body mass index (BMI) ≤ 35 kg/m2, less advanced tumour). Results We found no statistically significant differences in any of the parameters studied. The MOT 73.1 min vs. 75.0 min (p = 0.78), BMI 27.4 kg/m2 vs. 29.2 kg/m2 (p = 0.08), blood loss 54.7 vs. 39.2 (p = 0.47). Complications (4.2% vs. 11.6%) were only of internal character in origin. No conversion in either group. In LESS-NE, staplers were used more frequently (more expensive than clips) for division of renal hilar vessels (70.8% vs. 51.2%). The mean price of LESS-NE was €367 higher. Conclusions The LESS NE performed by an experienced surgeon is a safe and efficient method for the surgical treatment of both malignant and benign renal conditions in patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2 and with low-stage tumours. The LESS NE is more expensive compared to LNE.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for metachronous ipsilateral metastasis following nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma

Introduction Although laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is considered as a gold standard approach for adrenalectomy, there are minimal data describing options and outcomes of LA after previous ipsilateral nephrectomy (PIN). Aim To describe our results in a group of patients who underwent LA after PIN. Material and methods From August 2004 to October 2012 we performed at our institution 88 LA. Of this amount we performed 5 LA for metachronous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after PIN. This group was compared to a group without previous nephrectomy. Results The group comprised 4 men (80%) and 1 woman (20%); the mean age at the time of surgery was 66.8 ±8.5 (range: 60-77) years; the mean period between nephrectomy and adrenalectomy was 5.2 (range: 1.5-14) years; the operating time was longer in patients after PIN for 7 min; the mean blood loss was higher by 22 ml; duration of hospitalization was shorter by 1.3 days, paradoxically, compared with patients without PIN. There was no need for conversion to open surgery and we did not observe any other complications. Conclusions Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for metastasis of RCC after PIN is a technically feasible method in selected patients and it is associated with no significant differences in perioperative data in comparison with the group without prior nephrectomy. The patients benefit from minimally invasive surgery. The performance has required an experienced laparoscopic surgeon.

Managing urine leakage following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with active suction of the prevesical space.

Introduction Urine leakage following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) is a possible complication that may herald chronic urine incontinence. Intraoperative measures aiming to prevent this is not standardised. Aim Presentation of experience with active suction of the prevesical space in managing postoperative urine leakage. Material and methods At the Department of Urology, where laparoscopy of the upper abdomen and open RP were performed, a protocol for extraperitoneal LRP was established in 8/2008. Until 5/2011, 154 LRPs have been performed. Urine leakage from a suction drain appeared in 9 cases (5.8%). Permanent active suction (with a machine for Büllae thoracic drainage) of the prevesical space with negative pressure of 7-12 cm of H2O was started immediately. Results Urine leakage started after a mean of 0.9 (0-2) days postoperatively and stopped after a mean of 8.1 (15-42) days. Leakage stopped with only suctioning in 7 cases. In one case, open re-anastomosis was performed on the 7th postoperative day (POD). In another case, ineffective active suction was replaced on the 10th POD by needle vented suction without effect and the leakage stopped following gradual shortening of the drain up to the 15th POD. Conclusions Active suction of the prevesical space seems to be an effective intervention to stop postoperative urine leakage after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Complete laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with intravesical lockable clip.

Introduction We present a cohort of patients with low-stage pelviureteric neoplastic disease who underwent complete laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (CLNUE) with intravesical lockable clip (IVLC). Due to the absence of a standard technique of NUE, the study was not randomized. Materials From 1/2010 to 1/2012, 21 patients were subjected to CLNUE-IVLC. The first step was transurethral excision of the ureterovesical junction with Collins knife deep into the paravesical adipose tissue. The ureter was grasped with biopsy forceps and the distal end of the ureter was occluded with lockable clip. The applicator was introduced through a 5 mm port inserted as an epicystostomy. The patients were rotated to flank position and CLNUE followed. The endoscopically introduced clip on the distal ureter is proof of completion of the total ureterectomy. Results The mean operation time was 161 (115-200) min. In four (19.0%), the application of the clip failed and CLNUE was completed with non-occluded ureter. In three cases, subsequent laparoscopic nephrectomy was converted to open surgery. In two cases, the distal ureterectomy was completed with pluck technique through a lower abdominal incision that was also used for extraction of the specimen. There were four complications (Clavien II 2x, IIIb, V). Follow-up was available for all – mean 10.6 (range: 0-25) months. One died of disease generalization within 11 months. Conclusion CLNUE-IVLC is fast and safe. If needed, the endoscopic phase can be switched to open NUE. Disadvantages include: the need to change the position of the patient, the risk of inability to apply the clip on the distal ureter, and the risk of an unclosed defect of the urinary bladder.