Petr Waclawik

The impact of Outer Western Carpathian nappe tectonics on the recent stress-strain state in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Moravosilesian Zone, Bohemian Massif)

The impact of Outer Western Carpathian nappe tectonics on the recent stress-strain state in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Moravosilesian Zone, Bohemian Massif) The Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) represents a typical foreland basin developed during the Variscan orogenic phase of the Late Carboniferous. Later, during the Alpine orogeny the Outer Western Carpathian nappes were thrust over the post-Variscan foreland, to which the USCB belongs. Due to this complex tectonic history, redistribution of stress fields occurred in the post-Variscan basement. Furthermore, post-Variscan denudation processes probably also contributed to recent stress regimes. Nevertheless, the impact of the West Carpathian orogeny can be regarded as the most significant influence. The in-situ measurement of recent stress fields in deposits of the Karviná Formation of the USCB and structural analysis of the Czech part of the USCB, has focused on verification of the structure and stress interference of the Carpathian nappes and post-Variscan foreland basement. In the southernmost part of the Karviná Subbasin, the easternmost domain of the USCB, situated in the apical zone of the Variscan accretionary wedge, hydrofracturing and overcoring stress measurements have been recorded in coal seams from selected coal mines. The data have been supplemented by interpretation of focal mechanism solutions of mine induced seismic events. Measurements of recent in-situ stress regimes in the Karviná Formation of the USCB indicate a dominant generally NW-SE orientation of the maximum horizontal compression stress. The results demonstrate that the stress-strain regime in the Karviná Formation in the Variscan Upper Carboniferous basement is significantly influenced by the stress field along the Outer Western Carpathian nappes front. Besides improving our understanding of recent regional stress fields within an area of mutual structural-tectonic interference by both the Variscan and Alpine orogenies, the measured data may contribute to more optimal and safer mining activities in the coal basin.

Long-Term Czech Experiences with Rockbursts with Applicability to Today’s Underground Coal Mines

In the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, there are records of rockbursts dating back as early as the beginning of the last century. Since then, 450 such rockbursts of varying intensities have been recorded. This article is a vignette of our recent opinion on rockburst issues in the Ostrava–Karvina Coalfield. It comments on the main causes of rockbursts and summarises the strategic measures taken against them. It highlights the main mistakes in mine design in rock mass that lead to a rockburst risk and supports these arguments with illustrative examples from Czech hard coal mining. Long-term analyses of the causes of rockbursts provide recommendations on proper mining techniques for excavation of a rock mass with rockburst risk.