Petre Brezeanu

Do Romanian Banking Institutions Create Shareholder Value

Abstract This study aims at identifying the evolution of some of the key value based indicators in the case of Romanian listed banks. In particular we compute value based measures like Residual Income RI and Market Value Added MVA but also traditional measures like Earnings per Share EPS and Price to Earnings ratio PER in order to have a detailed view on the evolution of shareholder value creation in the banking industry for last seven years 2005-2011. As results suggest BRD represents the greater shareholder value creator in the case of the listed banks. On the other hand EBS is the greater value destroyer. The other listed banks TLV and BCC can be characterized as value preserver as they don’t destroy nor create shareholder value.

Tax Compliance at National Level

Abstract Throughout this study, we have shown the influence factors generating a significant impact on taxpayers’ tax behavior. We also analyzed the literature in the field, and the categories of factors that have a significant influence. Consequently, we have assigned a macroeconomic indicator in Romania, in an attempt to quantify the factors of influence. In this regard, we have built an econometric model of multifactorial regression and we have determined the impact of some elements such as: poverty, labor productivity, population confidence in state authorities, gross domestic product per capita on fiscal behavior, which was estimated through the proxy variable: tax rate. The empirical results obtained as a result of the multiple regression showed that there is a negative correlation between the fiscal behavior of the taxpayer, namely the tax compliance and the financial capacity, the labor productivity and the confidence the taxpayer has in the state authorities, while the behavior of the taxpayer the gross domestic product per capita we identify a positive correlation.

The degree of compliance based on excise duties in Romania between 2002 and 2015

Abstract The fiscal policy is an instrument that collects resources for the state budget necessary to perform state functions; stabilize the economy; regulation of the economy and recovery growth. The most important instruments are taxes and taxpayers. Since 1989, with the transition to a market economy, a special tax policy has been known by excise taxes. Analyzing the case of Romania and the evolution of excise duties (hereinafter ED) conformity we created some regressions that illustrate the ED correlation in Romania between 2002 and 2015. The methodology used: three unifactorial regression models showing how ED impacts economic indicators such as GDP, power purchase expressed through the net annual average salary, and household final consumption expenditure. Moreover, each model has been tested and verified using statistic tests to give reliable results. In a first stage, we analyzed the correlation between GDP and consumption as endogen variable and ED, then we created another model that we kept ED as an independent variable, but we changed the dependent variable using the purchasing power as a dependent variable. Because according to the used tests we demonstrated that correlation coefficients are significant, we proceeded to explain them starting from fiscal policy and economic reality, own of these analyzed 14 years. In conclusion we highlighted below as the ED depends on GDP and consumption and the purchasing power can influence the ED. For future discussion and studies we intend to compare the results with other countries in different geographic areas in Europe

Practical aspects of portfolio selection and optimisation on the capital market

Abstract This article highlights some observations concerning the deficiencies in the application of statistics on the capital market, with special reference to Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT). The main point is the sensitivity of statistical parameters (especially the standard deviation of the daily rates of return) to subjective/random factors. For securities with similar patterns and quasi-identical charts, statistical results in contradiction to the evidence of the market can be obtained. This article makes a pledge in favour of the necessity for increased attention in constructing an optimal/efficient portfolio.

Fiscality - A Relevant Factor Influencing Regional Development in Romania and the European Union

Abstract The paper aims to examine taxation in the EU in correlation with regional development measures implemented. We started with the EU vision on regional development. If during the 2007-2013 period, were pursued three major objectives (convergence, regional competitiveness and territorial cooperation), in the current 2014-2020 funding period, money is allocated differently between countries that are deemed to be more developed, in transition and less developed. These categories are set according to GDP per capita. Next we exposed the fiscal changes made in the EU in 2010-2011 period and then we corelate them with the strategy for regional development for five member states: Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic , Hungary and Poland. We used data reported by Eurostat regarding the evolution of unemployment rate and for the foreign direct investments in 2007-2012 period. We also brought up and changes required by the new Romanian Fiscal Code. According to it, measures such as reduction of income tax for new micro enterprises or extending the VAT reverse charge mechanism in many sectors of activity, are meant to encourage foreign capital inflows and also to increase the level of regional development. As a general conclusion, we found that there is a direct link between fiscal policy and regional development; fiscal measures implemented influence the level of unemployment, economic growth, and competitiveness in the private sector.

Theoretical and Practical Issues in Business Valuation

Abstract Business valuation is dealing with a series of difficulties, legislative and/or normative inaccuracies, as well as problems related to divergent results obtained by standard approaches. This material is synthesizing some of these problems, highlighting possible research directions. Each of the standard approaches is investigated, theoretically and practically analyzed, and the conclusions constitute a basis for developing new theories in the field of valuation.

Governmental Liquidities Management 2008-2010

Abstract This article opens a suite dedicated to State Treasury financial structure optimization. It further develops our previous excursus on State Treasury mechanism, operation policies and practice, alignment to EU regulations, and the influence of fiscal pressure on the EU states economies. This article concentrates on risk prevention and containment of the possible impact. It further describes the financing policy that has been adopted. The following section describes the effects of the applied policies and practice, as well as the accessed financial package. We have included a lessons learned section, to outline what we strongly believe should achieved for enriching the data sets and processing automation - these being instrumental to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the decision process and actions. We finally project the main theme of the future articles and to outline the need of competitive central administration partner for the national business community - which is tightly and ever tighter connected to its global counterparties.

Modelling Central Bank Independence and Inflation: Deus Ex Machina?

Abstract Central bank independence represents the core element of assessing the complex relationship between government and central bank, having at background the fundamental issue of a free monetary policy decision-making process from the hands of the political circle. However, central bank independence is a multilevel concept within some social, economic and behavioral implications both for the central banks and for the society at whole. Central bank independence is needed in order to establish an autonomous central bank with a high degree of freedom in choosing its’ instruments, objectives, techniques and tactics. Moreover, a high degree of transparency for the public disclosure and monitoring of central bank operation and transaction is needed for the social barometer of the central bank. Consequently the central bank must have a high degree of accountability and responsibility vis - á - vis of the most democratic institution, i.e. Parliament. In this article it is presented a comprehensive study regarding the complex relationship between central bank independence and inflation by modeling these two monetary policy panacea, in order to make a fine tuning regarding the causal relationship established in a heterodox manner.