Phaedra S. Corso

The costs of fatal and non‐fatal falls among older adults

Objective: To estimate the incidence and direct medical costs for fatal and non-fatal fall injuries among US adults aged ⩾65 years in 2000, for three treatment settings stratified by age, sex, body region, and type of injury. Methods: Incidence data came from the 2000 National Vital Statistics System, 2001 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program, 2000 Health Care Utilization Program National Inpatient Sample, and 1999 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Costs for fatal falls came from Incidence and economic burden of injuries in the United States; costs for non-fatal falls were based on claims from the 1998 and 1999 Medicare fee-for-service 5% Standard Analytical Files. A case crossover approach was used to compare the monthly costs before and after the fall. Results: In 2000, there were almost 10 300 fatal and 2.6 million medically treated non-fatal fall related injuries. Direct medical costs totaled

The Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the United States

0.2 billion dollars for fatal and

Incidence and lifetime costs of injuries in the United States

19 billion dollars for non-fatal injuries. Of the non-fatal injury costs, 63% (

Cost of Illness in the 1993 Waterborne Cryptosporidium Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

12 billion) were for hospitalizations, 21% (

Health-related quality of life among adults who experienced maltreatment during childhood.

4 billion) were for emergency department visits, and 16% (

The relationship between obesity and injuries among U.S. adults

3 billion) were for treatment in outpatient settings. Medical expenditures for women, who comprised 58% of the older adult population, were 2–3 times higher than for men for all medical treatment settings. Fractures accounted for just 35% of non-fatal injuries but 61% of costs. Conclusions: Fall related injuries among older adults, especially among older women, are associated with substantial economic costs. Implementing effective intervention strategies could appreciably decrease the incidence and healthcare costs of these injuries.

A Comparison of the Case–control and Case–crossover Designs for Estimating Medical Costs of Nonfatal Fall-related Injuries Among Older Americans

Injuries are one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States today. Through premature death, disability, medical cost and lost productivity, injuries impact the health and welfare of all Americans. Deaths only begin to tell the story. Although many injuries are minor, a large proportion result in fractures, amputations, burns, or significant injuries that have far-reaching consequences. Now, for the first time in over 15 years, we have comprehensive estimates of the impact of these injuries in economic terms. This book updates a landmark Report to Congress from 1989. Since that report, no undertaking has addressed the incidence and economic burden of injuries with more timely data, despite major changes in the fields of prevention, reporting and surveillance. Since the mid-eighties, new safety technologies have been developed to prevent injuries or to decrease the severity of injuries, and new policies and laws have been enacted to promote injury prevention. Chapter topics include incidence by detailed categorisations, lifetime medical costs and productivity losses as a result of injuries, and a discussion of recent trends. Lavishly illustrated with tables and graphs, this volume is a valuable reference for public health practitioners, researchers, and students alike. Available in OSO: http://www.oxschol.com/oso/public/content/publichealthepidemiology/9780195179484/toc.html

An ounce of prevention … what are the returns?: Second edition, 1999

Background: Standardized methodologies for assessing economic burden of injury at the national or international level do not exist. Objective: To measure national incidence, medical costs, and productivity losses of medically treated injuries using the most recent data available in the United States, as a case study for similarly developed countries undertaking economic burden analyses. Method: The authors combined several data sets to estimate the incidence of fatal and non-fatal injuries in 2000. They computed unit medical and productivity costs and multiplied these costs by corresponding incidence estimates to yield total lifetime costs of injuries occurring in 2000. Main outcome measures: Incidence, medical costs, productivity losses, and total costs for injuries stratified by age group, sex, and mechanism. Results: More than 50 million Americans experienced a medically treated injury in 2000, resulting in lifetime costs of

Benefits of Preventing a Death Associated With Child Maltreatment: Evidence From Willingness-to-Pay Survey Data

406 billion;

Prevention effectiveness : a guide to decision analysis and economic evaluation

80 billion for medical treatment and