Philip Banyard

Can you judge a book by its cover? Evidence of self-stranger agreement on personality at zero acquaintance

Abstract Two studies were conducted to examine the accuracy of personality assessment at zero acquaintance. In Study 1, participants were asked to rate head and shoulder colour photographs of strangers in terms of the extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism dimensions. The stranger ratings were correlated with the targets’ self-report ratings on these dimensions using the EPQ-R. Significant self–stranger agreement was found for psychoticism but not for extraversion or neuroticism. Study 2 used the same general design, but the amount of visual information in head and shoulder colour photographs was manipulated and presented to strangers. In condition 1 head and shoulder colour photographs with profiles were used, in condition 2 head and shoulder colour photographs with profiles removed were used, and in condition 3 the images were cropped so that only the internal features of the face were visible. In all three conditions significant self–stranger agreement was found for psychoticism but not for extraversion or neuroticism as measured by the EPP. These consistent cross-study findings were discussed and further research suggested.

Responses of football fans to relegation of their team from the English Premier League: PTS?

OBJECTIVES To measure the level of psychological distress caused to supporters of a football team by relegation from the English Premier League. The relationship between age, sex and psychological distress are examined. METHOD Opportunity sample cross-sectional survey. Participants were approached through networks of fans and through e-mail networks. Participants were supporters (n = 65) of two relegated premiership football teams. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale. RESULTS Mean total Impact of Event Scale scores indicated a clinically significant degree of psychological distress for the majority of respondents. Age or sex of the participants did not predict Impact of Event Scale scores. CONCLUSIONS The results are discussed in terms of the magnitude of Impact of Event Scale scores in relation to other stressors. It is concluded that the impact of such sporting events is psychologically significant. The psychological literature has considered traumatic stress responses to a number of stressors such as threats to life, threats to psychological well-being, threats to physical/ psychological well-being of others, witnessing traumatic events and involvement in a human or natural disaster.

Psychology : theory and application

Methods of investigation.- Personality and coping.- Communication and explanation.- Thinking and intelligence.- Learning and remembering.- Perception and motivation.- Attitudes and groups.- Interacting with others.- Afterword.

Ethical issues and guidelines in psychology

1. Rights and Wrongs 2. Ethical Issues and How to deal With Them 3. Ethical Principles and Guidelines 4. Psychological Research with Human Participants 5. Psychological Research With Animals 6. Psychology in Practice 7. Ethics and Your Research Project

Thinking and intelligence

This chapter is about how we make sense of the world. Making sense of things, interpreting situations and scenes, and planning activities are such basic human qualities that we take them for granted. We do not need to understand how we think, or how we plan, in order to do it — we just go ahead. It is interesting, though, to consider some of the characteristics of intelligent activity and what we might be able to do to enhance it.

Learning and remembering

How do we learn how we should act and how do we store information? These two questions are among the earliest studied by psychologists and still provide a focus for a substantial amount of research. The ability to learn and to reason was thought of by European scientists in the 19th century as the factor which distinguishes human beings from animals. Animals were thought to acquire their behaviour and knowledge by ‘instinct’, whereas people developed their own knowledge through enquiry and had the gift of reason.

Virtual Learning Environments: Personalizing Learning or Managing Learners?

Over the past 15 years, the Technology and LearningTeam at Nottingham Trent University has conducted a range of national research projects in schools and colleges across the UK. This first decade of the new century has seen significant changes in both the capacity and functionality of the digital technologies available to managers, teachers, and learners in schools. These technological developments have the potential to support innovative ways of learning and teaching as well as of managing educational information. Where these opportunities have been taken up, new ways of processing and owning information have occurred, leading to changes in the relationships between teachers and learners. This chapter looks at the key messages from this program of research and considers how to increase the benefits accruing from technology-enhanced learning environments and also explores their limitations for learners and teachers.

Self-Regulated Learning in Technology Enhanced Learning Environments in Europe

The substance of these collective reports concerns our understanding and conceptualization of self regulated learning and the role of digital technologies, specifically Technology Enhanced Learning Environments or TELEs, in supporting learner self-regulation.

A Life Sentence in Installments: A Qualitative Analysis of Repeat Offending Among Short-Sentenced Offenders

ABSTRACT Short-sentenced (less than 12 months) offenders in the United Kingdom consistently account for the greatest number of discharges from prison and demonstrate the highest risk and rate of reoffending. Moreover, until recent changes in UK legislation in 2015, individuals serving short sentences were released into the community with little support postrelease. The present study presents an exploration of (re)offending in individuals who have already served multiple short sentences in custody and aims to understand their experiences, perceptions, and insight into their offending. Is there anything apropos short sentences specifically, or those who continually serve them, that can explain the high rates of reoffending in this population? Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight prisoners currently serving short custodial sentences. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was implemented deriving three superordinate themes from the rich dataset: (a) living short sentences, (b) “You’d do the same if you were me,” and (c) negotiating an identity.

Ethical issues in psychology

Rights and wrongs. Ethical issues and how to deal with them. Ethical Principles and guidelines. Psychological research with human participants. Psychological Research with animals. Psychology in practice. Ethics and your research project.