Philipp Klingel

From intermittent to continuous water distribution: a proposed conceptual approach and a case study of Béni Abbès (Algeria)

Centralised water distribution systems in developing countries currently are operated intermittently to a very large extent. As a consequence of the numerous negative impacts associated with intermittent water distribution, functioning water supplies in the long run absolutely require the introduction of a continuous mode of water distribution. This article presents a conceptual approach to the successive introduction of a continuous water distribution. The approach is based on existing systems originally designed for continuous distribution but currently run in the intermittent mode. The focus is on the difficulties in planning and implementing the complex processes of database organisation, restructuring and changing the mode of operation, which are harmonised in a comprehensive process. The approach is explained for the case of the water distribution system in Béni Abbès, Algeria.

Accuracy of single-jet water meters during filling of the pipe network in intermittent water supply

Abstract In intermittently operated water distribution systems the air intruded into the pipe network through the filling and emptying process must inevitably exit the system at some point. Part of this air is discharged through service connections and thus through water meters. Due to this air flow, water meters are being used contrary to their actual conception. This article presents a study in which the measurement error of single-jet water meters due to the filling process of an empty service connection is experimentally examined. It shows that this error is caused mainly by the air flow before the water front reaches the water meter. The correlation between the measurement error and the air volume in front of the water meter is almost linear. The impact of the water front, the presence of water-air mixtures or unsteady flow processes however, is shown to have very little influence on the results.

Demand Allocation in Water Distribution Network Modelling – A GIS-Based Approach Using Voronoi Diagrams with Constraints

© 2012 Guth and Klingel, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Demand Allocation in Water Distribution Network Modelling – A GIS-Based Approach Using Voronoi Diagrams with Constraints

Rehabilitation Strategy for Water Supply Systems in Developing Countries Case Study: IWRM Oasis Béni Abbès, Algeria

Urban centralized water distribution systems in developing countries are facing various problems. For the population depending on the distribution systems, the impacts can be summarized to the inadequate amount and quality of disseminated water. Numerous technical and socio-economical deficiencies lead to an insufficient water supply. Amongst others, significant and strongly connected deficiencies are the lack of a central data management, the very complex network topology and the intermittent operation and supply. This article outlines the deficiencies and presents a strategy to improve existing deficient water distribution systems with such characteristics. The final objective of the strategy is the introduction of a continuous supply as a technical constraint for a sustainable water distribution and save supply. Apart from technical needs, a continuous supply is desirable in terms of equity in supply to customers and quality of life of customers. Further, an overview of a specially developed adapted integrated planning and analysis tool is given. The application of the strategy and the tool is shown in the context of the project IWRM for oases in Beni Abbes, Algeria.