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Featured researches published by Philippe Berny.


Chemosphere | 1997

Field evidence of secondary poisoning of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and buzzards (Buteo buteo) by bromadiolone, a 4-year survey

Philippe Berny; Thierry Buronfosse; Florence Buronfosse; François Lamarque; Guy Lorgue

This paper presents the result of a 4 year survey in France (1991-1994) based on the activity of a wildlife disease surveillance network (SAGIR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detrimental effects of anticoagulant (Ac) rodenticides in non-target wild animals. Ac poisoning accounted for a very limited number of the identified causes of death (1-3%) in most species. Predators (mainly foxes and buzzards) were potentially exposed to anticoagulant compounds (especially bromadiolone) via contaminated prey in some instances. The liver concentrations of bromadiolone residues were elevated and species-specific diagnostic values were determined. These values were quite similar to those reported in the literature when secondary anticoagulant poisoning was experimentally assessed.


Journal of Wildlife Diseases | 2004

Evidence of secondary poisoning of free-ranging riparian mustelids by anticoagulant rodenticides in France: implications for conservation of European mink (Mustela lutreola).

Christine Fournier-Chambrillon; Philippe Berny; Olivier Coiffier; Philippe Barbedienne; Bernard Dassé; Gérard Delas; Hubert Galineau; Alexandra Mazet; Pascal Pouzenc; René Rosoux; Pascal Fournier

Because of the rapid decline of the endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola) populations in France, a national conservation program has been put into action, including research to understand the causes of decline. As part of this research, concentrations of eight anticoagulant rodenticides were examined in livers from 122 carcasses of four species of free-ranging mustelids collected between 1990 and 2002 in southwestern France. Bromadiolone residue was found in all species and 9% of the sample (one of 31 European mink, three of 47 American mink [Mustela vison], five of 33 polecats [Mustela putorius], and two of 11 European otters [Lutra lutra]). Liver concentrations ranged from 0.6 μg/g to 9.0 μg/g. Chlorophacinone residue was found in two species and 4% of the sample (in four of the American mink and in one of the otters), with liver concentrations ranging from 3.4 μg/g to 8.5 μg/g. Two polecats and one American mink had lesions and liver residues indicating bromadiolone was directly responsible for their death. However, most of our study animals survived secondary poisoning until they were caught; this study certainly underestimates the extent of fatal exposure of mustelids to rodenticides. Moreover, anticoagulant poisoning could increase their vulnerability to other causes of death. The current status of the endangered European mink population is such that any additional risk factor for mortality is important, and it is thus urgent to monitor and reduce the extensive use of bromadiolone and chlorophacinone against field rodents in France.


Veterinary Journal | 2010

Animal poisoning in Europe. Part 2: Companion animals

Philippe Berny; Francesca Caloni; Siska Croubels; Magda Sachana; Virginie Vandenbroucke; Franca Davanzo; Raimon Guitart

This is the second in a series of three review articles on animal poisoning in Europe and focuses on cases in pet animals and horses in five European countries (Belgium, France, Greece, Italy and Spain) reported over the last decade. In the participating countries, dogs were the most commonly poisoned species, particularly younger animals. The majority of cases in companion animals resulted from exposure to insecticides, although rodenticides (especially anticoagulants and strychnine) posed a significant risk. In all five countries, horses and cats appeared to be more susceptible to plant toxins. Intoxications with herbicides, metals, household products and drugs for veterinary and human use were reported sporadically. The review demonstrates the importance of increased awareness so as to minimise poisoning episodes and emphasises the need to establish a European system for the recording of poisoning data.


Veterinary Journal | 2010

Animal poisoning in Europe. Part 3: Wildlife

Raimon Guitart; Magda Sachana; Francesca Caloni; Siska Croubels; Virginie Vandenbroucke; Philippe Berny

This review article is the third in a series on animal poisoning in Europe and represents a collation of published and non-published wildlife poisoning data from Belgium, France, Greece, Italy and Spain over the last 10 years. Birds, particularly waterfowl and raptors, were more commonly reported as victims of poisoning than wild mammals. In addition to specific but important toxicological disasters, deliberate primary or secondary poisonings are of concern to all countries. Metals (particularly lead arising from sporting/hunting activities) and pesticides (mainly anticholinesterases and anticoagulants) are frequent causes of poisoning, and often have fatal consequences. A more unified and consistent approach throughout European countries to improve the reporting and the analytical confirmation of wildlife poisoning would help to reduce the number of cases of malicious or negligent animal poisoning.


Veterinary Journal | 2010

Animal poisoning in Europe. Part 1: Farm livestock and poultry.

Raimon Guitart; Siska Croubels; Francesca Caloni; Magda Sachana; Franca Davanzo; Virginie Vandenbroucke; Philippe Berny

The lack of a reference Veterinary Poison Control Centre for the European Union (EU) means that clinicians find it difficult to obtain information on poisoning episodes. This three-part review collates published and unpublished data obtained from Belgium, France, Greece, Italy and Spain over the last decade in order to provide a broader toxicoepidemiological perspective. The first article critically evaluates the national situation in the five European countries and concludes that information for livestock and poultry is limited and fragmentary compared to other animal groups. The analysis has revealed that clinical cases of poisoning are only occasionally studied in depth and that cattle are the species most frequently reported. Several plants and mycotoxins, a few pesticides and metals, together with contaminants of industrial origin, such as dioxins, are responsible for most of the recorded cases.


Journal of Wildlife Diseases | 2008

ACUTE POISONING OF RED KITES (MILVUS MILVUS) IN FRANCE: DATA FROM THE SAGIR NETWORK

Philippe Berny; Jean-Roch Gaillet

Red Kites (Milvus milvus) are avian scavengers limited to Europe, and they currently are listed as an endangered species worldwide. Accidental poisoning is often listed as one of the threats to Red Kites throughout their range of distribution. The purpose of this article is to investigate the suspected poisoning cases reported to the French Wildlife Disease Surveillance System. Dead animals are submitted to a local veterinary laboratory for necropsy and when poisoning is suspected, samples are submitted to the Toxicology Laboratory of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Lyon, France. Over the period 1992–2002, 62 Red Kites suspected of poisoning were submitted, and poisoning was the confirmed cause of death for greater than 80% of these cases. The major toxicants found were cholinesterase inhibitors (carbamates and organophosphate insecticides) and anticoagulant compounds. The circumstances of exposure include secondary poisoning after the use of anticoagulants over vast areas to control water vole (Arvicola terrestric) populations, but they also include malicious poisoning with carbamates (aldicarb and cabofuran) in meat baits. Cases of poisoning vary throughout France, with observed mortality rates ranging between 0.1/100 hundred breeding pairs/10 yr and four cases/100 hundred breeding pairs/10 yr. Additional cases of poisoning likely go undetected, and our results suggest that acute poisoning is not uncommon in Red Kites and that it should be considered in the current restoration plans.


Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies | 1999

EVALUATION OF THE TOXICITY OF IMIDACLOPRID IN WILD BIRDS. A NEW HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPTLC) METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LIVER AND CROP SAMPLES IN SUSPECTED POISONING CASES

Philippe Berny; Florence Buronfosse; Bernadette Videmann; Thierry Buronfosse

Several accidents were reported in France, in domestic and wild animals, involving the potential ingestion of imidacloprid-coated seeds. Imidacloprid is a new insecticide which acts as a nicotinic blocker. Since there was very limited published information regarding this compound, its toxicity to wild birds, and potential routine analytical techniques, this study was designed to set up and validate a method for the detection and quantification of imidacloprid and its primary metabolite, 6-chloronicotinic acid, in tissues and organs of affected animals. A high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique was developed to quantify both compounds. The method is repeatable, reproducible, and sensitive enough to investigate potential poisoning cases (limits of quantification between 0.25 and 0.5 μg/g). The technique was also applied successfully to birds found dead after a known exposure to the compound and indicates that imidacloprid accounts for the majority of the toxic residues detected in the l...


Science of The Total Environment | 2008

Kinetics of bromadiolone in rodent populations and implications for predators after field control of the water vole, Arvicola terrestris

Mickaël Sage; Michaël Coeurdassier; Régis Defaut; Frédéric Gimbert; Philippe Berny; Patrick Giraudoux

We document the kinetics of bromadiolone in two rodent populations after a field control of water voles, and their implications for predator exposure. Water voles and common voles were trapped aboveground and underground from 1 to 135 days after bromadiolone treatment in the field. Livers, digestive tracts, and rests of the body were analyzed separately. Our results indicate that 99.6% of the water voles trapped underground and 41% of the common voles trapped aboveground contain bromadiolone residues. Concentrations were maximal between 3.3 and 6.5 days after treatment, according to the tissues examined and the model applied for water voles, and after 1.3 to 3.7 days for common voles. Water voles appeared available almost exclusively for foraging predators. Common voles, found less likely to be poisoned and exhibiting weaker concentrations, were mainly sampled aboveground. The liver, primarily eaten by some predators and scavengers, contains a larger bromadiolone quantity (59% of the total amount found in water voles). The rejection of the digestive tract by those species may lead to a subsequent consumption of voles with higher bromadiolone concentrations (from +3.8 to +5.8% of concentration) and provide a moderate risk increase. After 135 days, eight of the ten water voles and one of the two common voles exhibited detectable residues. Additionally, one specimen presented higher concentrations than the others, and similar to those measured in Voles trapped between the first 15-20 days. This may have consequences on predator intoxications several months after treatment. These results integrate individual differences for the two main rodent species present in treated areas. Implications for predator exposure were investigated at the end of the study and suggest that, if the risk of secondary poisoning is maximal during the first 15-20 days when the rodent densities remain high, exposure conditions are maintained for at least 135 days.


Environmental Research | 2010

Determination of bromadiolone residues in fox faeces by LC/ESI-MS in relationship with toxicological data and clinical signs after repeated exposure.

Mickaël Sage; Isabelle Fourel; Michaël Cœurdassier; Jacques Barrat; Philippe Berny; Patrick Giraudoux

In many countries, the fox (Vulpes vulpes), predator of small mammals, is particularly affected by anticoagulant rodenticides such as bromadiolone due to secondary poisoning. Nevertheless, to date, no method of exposure monitoring is applicable in the field over large areas, and no toxicological data are available concerning sensitivity of foxes to bromadiolone. The aim of this work was to compare excretion kinetics of bromadiolone in fox faeces with clinical and haemostatic effects after repeated exposure to intoxicated voles. A sensitive method for the quantification of bromadiolone excretion in fox faeces and plasma was developed, using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). The LoD was 0.9microg/kg and 0.15microg/L, and the LoQ was 3.0microg/kg and 0.5microg/L, in faeces and in plasma, respectively. Four captive foxes were fed for 2 or 5 days with water voles (Arvicola terrestris Sherman) spiked with bromadiolone at concentrations close to those measured in the field. Faeces and blood were collected for bromadiolone titration, and blood-clotting tests were performed to monitor fox health daily during 10 days and then every 3-4 days until the end of the experiment (D28). Then, after euthanasia, a complete necropsy was performed, and levels of bromadiolone residues in the liver were determined. Bromadiolone residues were detected in faeces 15h after the first exposure. They increased dramatically during the exposure period and then gradually decreased, but they remained detectable at the end of the experiment, i.e., 26 days after the last exposure. Bromadiolone residues in plasma showed a similar pattern but were no longer detectable 7-24 days after the last exposure. Two foxes presented very severe external haemorrhages, requiring the administration of the antidote vitamin-K1. Bromadiolone residues in faeces and their relationships with exposure and other direct-markers that were measured are discussed. Liver residues and the toxicity data of our study will help to interpret data from fox carcasses collected by wildlife disease surveillance networks. These findings provide a basis for programs aiming to monitor the exposure of wild fox populations to bromadiolone using non-invasive methods based on standard sampling and analysis of residues in faeces.


Lipids | 2008

From Aquatic to Terrestrial Food Webs: Decrease of the Docosahexaenoic Acid/Linoleic Acid Ratio

Apostolos-Manuel Koussoroplis; Charles Lemarchand; Alexandre Bec; Christian Desvilettes; Christian Amblard; Christine Fournier; Philippe Berny; Gilles Bourdier

Fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue of six carnivorous mammalian species (European otter Lutra lutra, American mink Mustela vison, European Mink Mustela lutreola, European polecat Mustela putorius, stone marten Martes foina and European wild cat Felis silvestris) was studied. These species forage to differing degrees in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Fatty acid analysis revealed significant differences in polyunsaturated fatty acid composition between species. More specifically, our results underline a gradual significant decrease in the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/linoleic acid (LNA) ratio of carnivore species as their dependence on aquatic food webs decreases. In conclusion, the use of the DHA/LNA ratio in long-term studies is proposed as a potential proxy of changes in foraging behaviour of semi-aquatic mammals.

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Patrick Giraudoux

Institut Universitaire de France

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Etienne Benoit

Institut national de la recherche agronomique

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Isabelle Fourel

Institut national de la recherche agronomique

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Mickaël Sage

University of Franche-Comté

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Romain Lasseur

Institut national de la recherche agronomique

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Bernadette Videmann

Institut national de la recherche agronomique

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Danièle Vey

Institut national de la recherche agronomique

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