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Geotechnical Slope Analysis

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Hazard and risk assessment of rainfall - induced landsliding along a railway line

The occurrence of landslides along a transportation route such as a railway line can have severe and even catastrophic consequences. The assessment and management of hazard and risk is, therefore, of paramount importance. This paper introduces an approach for assessing the hazard and risk of rainfall-induced landsliding along a 30 km section of railway track. Careful analysis is made of rainfall data for previous storms, which have led to widespread landsliding. The recurrence interval of a typical landslide triggering rainstorm is estimated. From this the annual probability of widespread landslide occurrence is then calculated. This value combined with information on the frequency of train operations enables the estimation of the annual risk of human casualty. This estimate is then compared with proposed tolerable or acceptable levels. Such a systematic quantitative procedure can facilitate efficient risk management. Moreover, the outcomes of the assessments proposed in this paper can be combined with information and analyses about the relative landslide susceptibility of different section of track based on knowledge of local geology, topography and other factors.

ArcGIS V.10 Landslide Susceptibility Data Mining Add-in Tool Integrating Data Mining and GIS Techniques to Model Landslide Susceptibility

Landslide susceptibility modeling is an essential early step towards managing landslide risk. A minimum of

Assessing rockfall along the Illawarra Escarpment

4.8 million is lost due to landslide related damages every year in Illawara region of Australia. At present, Data mining and knowledge discovery techniques are becoming popular in building landslide susceptibility models due to their enhanced predictive performances. Until now, the lack of tools to undertake data extraction and making the predictions have limited the applicability of this novel technique in landslide model building. This paper discusses the development of the LSDM (Landslide Susceptibility Data Mining) toolbar which was designed to utilize machine learning techniques within a GIS environment by coupling GIS and data mining software (See5) capabilities. The software development kit available with ArcGIS v.10 has been utilized in developing the toolbar add-in. The fundamental tasks; data preparation, model optimizing, derivation of decision trees, predictions and validation are all performed using the individual controls available in the toolbar. This tool automates the entire model building process and in preparation of training data and producing outcomes that are compliant with both national and international Landslide Risk management guidelines.

Geotechnics in the Twenty-First Century, Uncertainties and Other Challenges: With Particular Reference to Landslide Hazard and Risk Assessment

In recent years there have been numerous rock falls from the sandstone capped Illawarra Escarpment near Wollongong, Australia. As part of the ongoing Landslide Research project at the University of Wollongong, several of these events have been mapped in detail, including the volume and location of 348 individual boulders. These three rockfall sites have formed the basis of an escarpment rockfall modeling and susceptibility zoning project outlined in this paper. Using these detailed, site specific, evidence based mapping and high resolution GIS data, 2D Rocfall (Rocscience Inc.) computer models have been developed to simulate the real sites. This work has resulted in the development of a database of relevant geotechnical parameters for rockfall modeling along the escarpment. With this parameter dataset in hand, 3D rockfall modeling using the University of Alberta Rockfall Analyst extension for ArcGIS has been employed to aid in the development of rockfall Susceptibility zoning areas across the three subject field sites. Spatial density (Susceptibility) of the modeled rockfall trajectories provides a useful zoning outcome which compares favorably with the mapped rockfall boulders. This work has been completed which now forms the foundation for the rockfall modeling of the entire escarpment length over the next 12 months.

Aspects of recent landslide research at the University of Wollongong

This chapter addresses emerging challenges in geotechnics in the context of the significant challenges posed by hazards, both natural and human-induced. The tremendous importance of dealing with uncertainties in an organized and systematic way is highlighted. The chapter includes reflections on responding to the need for multidisciplinary approaches. While the concepts and ideas are pertinent to diverse applications of geotechnics or to the whole of geotechnical engineering, illustrative examples will be limited to research trends in slope stability and landslide management.

Landslide inventory and susceptibility zoning across SE Australia

This paper introduces the issues which are of critical importance to landslide hazard and risk assessment and management. These include understanding of probability and consequence, the separation of the role of sitedependent factors from that of influencing/triggering natural events and the factors influencing target levels of risk. The research completed at the University of Wollongong is then outlined. This includes the development of an observational approach based on monitoring of subsurface movements at individual sites and appropriate use of rainfall data in terms of the concept of annual rainfall percentage exceedance time (ARPET). Attention is then focused on current research including the development of a hazard-consequence matrix approach for risk assessment at individual sites. Another important research task concerns the development and assessment of magnitude cumulative frequency relationships for landslides in the study

Instrumentation for slope stability - experience from an urban area

Abstract A landmark Australian landslide research project, that will produce a series of medium-scale landslide inventory and susceptibility zoning datasets for substantial areas of Australia, is proposed. The project will produce a series of planning tools to facilitate the implementation of the AGS 2007 Landslide Risk Management (LRM) guidelines within government, and also address the new paradigm in risk management of due diligence. The project will also summarize the current variable status of landslide regulations around the country at both state and local government levels. This project will complement the earlier National Disaster Mitigation funding of the Australian Geomechanics Society and will address the difficulty in assembling a meaningful landslide inventory, essential for the development of susceptibility and hazard maps in landslide risk management practice. Susceptibility maps are seen as the best product from which to produce planning and development control areas for use in local government planning schemes addressing landslide issues. The development of a National Landslide Inventory framework would enhance data collection standards for this hazard across Australia. The costs associated with landslide damage and management are poorly documented within Australia and this project will also contribute to enhancing this element. Preliminary figures from early work in this area suggests government spending in the Wollongong area alone is at least

A GIS-based Weights-of-Evidence model for mapping cliff instabilities associated with mine subsidence

5 million annually since 1950 on landslide related costs. The project will also result in a series of regional to local zoning inventory and susceptibility zoning datasets and associated maps ranging from 1:250 000 and perhaps in some areas up to 1:25 000 scales for substantial areas of Australia. A modelling process will also be documented to promote transparency and to facilitate subsequent review and revisions. Achieving appropriate levels of funding to undertake this project remains a priority for the team. However, substantial elements are being developed already (some of which are summarized in this paper) and the authors are confident this project will come to fruition.

Role of slope reliability analysis in landslide risk management

This paper describes the monitoring of several existing landslides in an urban area near Wollongong in New South Wales State, Australia. A brief overview of topography and geology is provided and reference is made to the types of slope movement, processes, and causal factors. Often, slope movements are extremely slow and imperceptible to the eye, and catastrophic failures are quite infrequent. However, cumulative movements at these slower rates do cause considerable distress to structures and disrupt residential areas and transport routes over time. Inclinometers and piezometers have been installed at a number of locations and monitoring of these instruments has been very useful. The performance of instrumentation at different sites is discussed in relation to the monitoring of slope movements and pore pressures. Interval rates of inclinometer shear displacement have been compared with various periods of cumulative rainfall to assess the relationships.